Swimmers' pulmonary edema

Pulmonary edema in swimmers and divers is defined as sudden onset of shortness of breath accompanied by cough, hemoptysis, and hypoxemia that occurs in association with increased physical activity, especially in a water/cold environment. It occurs more often in women and in the elderly, predisposing factors include a cold environment and the presence of some latent cardiovascular diseases. It is a potentially life-threatening condition for athletes. Its therapy does not differ from the treatment of pulmonary cardiac edema. Early identification of persons with a higher risk and elimination of all potentially risk factors for its occurrence is very important. Regular examinations by a physical education doctor or a cardiologist play an important role. In the case of sports events with a large number of athletes, it is necessary to ensure comprehensive management including early identification of the occurrence, safe removal of the affected person from the water, and provision of adequate therapy.