Dietary salt intake predicts future development of metabolic syndrome in the general population

被引:10
作者
Takase, Hiroyuki [1 ]
Hayashi, Kazusa [1 ]
Kin, Fumihiko [1 ]
Nakano, Suguru [1 ]
Machii, Masashi [1 ]
Takayama, Shin [1 ]
Sugiura, Tomonori [2 ]
Dohi, Yasuaki [3 ]
机构
[1] Enshu Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
[2] Sugiura Med Clin, Toyota, Japan
[3] Nagoya Gakuin Univ, Fac Rehabil Sci, Div Internal Med, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
关键词
Blood pressure; Body mass index; Insulin resistance; Metabolic disorder; Hypertension; BLOOD-PRESSURE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; POTASSIUM EXCRETION; DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; URINARY SODIUM; HYPERTENSION; INTERVENTIONS; REDUCTION; INCREASES; IMPACT;
D O I
10.1038/s41440-022-01035-7
中图分类号
R6 [外科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100210 ;
摘要
Excessive dietary salt consumption is one of the most important risk factors for hypertension. Metabolic disorders often coexist with hypertension, and excess salt intake has been reported to underlie metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that excessive dietary salt causes metabolic syndrome in the general population. In total, 13886 subjects who participated in our medical checkup were enrolled, and salt intake was assessed using a spot urine sample. The characteristics of participants with metabolic syndrome (n = 1630) were examined at baseline, and then participants without metabolic syndrome (n = 12256) were followed up with the endpoint being the development of metabolic syndrome. The average estimated salt intake in our participants was 8.72 +/- 1.93 g/day. A significant association between salt intake and metabolic syndrome was obtained from the logistic regression analysis, and salt intake increased as the number of metabolic disorders in an individual increased at baseline (P < 0.001). During the median follow-up period of 52 months, 1669 participants developed metabolic syndrome. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated an increased risk of metabolic syndrome across quartiles of baseline salt intake (log-rank, P < 0.001). In the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis where salt intake was taken as a continuous variable, salt intake at baseline was an independent predictor of developing metabolic syndrome. These results suggest that excessive salt intake is significantly associated with the development of metabolic syndrome in the general population. Salt may play an important role in the development of metabolic disorders and hypertension.
引用
收藏
页码:236 / 243
页数:8
相关论文
共 44 条
[1]  
[Anonymous], 2005, Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi, V94, P794
[2]   How NaCl raises blood pressure: a new paradigm for the pathogenesis of salt-dependent hypertension [J].
Blaustein, Mordecai P. ;
Leenen, Frans H. H. ;
Chen, Ling ;
Golovina, Vera A. ;
Hamlyn, John M. ;
Pallone, Thomas L. ;
Van Huysse, James W. ;
Zhang, Jin ;
Wier, W. Gil .
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY, 2012, 302 (05) :H1031-H1049
[3]   The Effect of High Salt Intake on Endothelial Function: Reduced Vascular Nitric Oxide in the Absence of Hypertension [J].
Boegehold, Matthew A. .
JOURNAL OF VASCULAR RESEARCH, 2013, 50 (06) :458-467
[4]   Essential Hypertension: An Approach to Its Etiology and Neurogenic Pathophysiology [J].
Bolivar, Juan J. .
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION, 2013, 2013
[5]   Lifestyle interventions to reduce raised blood pressure: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials [J].
Dickinson, HO ;
Mason, JM ;
Nicolson, DJ ;
Campbell, F ;
Beyer, FR ;
Cook, JV ;
Williams, B ;
Ford, GA .
JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION, 2006, 24 (02) :215-233
[6]   The metabolic syndrome [J].
Eckel, RH ;
Grundy, SM ;
Zimmet, PZ .
LANCET, 2005, 365 (9468) :1415-1428
[7]  
ELLIOTT P, 1988, BRIT MED J, V297, P319
[8]   Angiotensin II inhibits insulin signaling in aortic smooth muscle cells at multiple levels - A potential role for serine phosphorylation in insulin/angiotensin II crosstalk [J].
Folli, F ;
Kahn, CR ;
Hansen, H ;
Bouchie, JL ;
Feener, EP .
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, 1997, 100 (09) :2158-2169
[9]   Mechanism of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension: Focus on Adrenal and Sympathetic Nervous Systems [J].
Fujita, Toshiro .
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY, 2014, 25 (06) :1148-1155
[10]   Sympathetic overdrive and cardiovascular risk in the metabolic syndrome [J].
Grassi, Guido .
HYPERTENSION RESEARCH, 2006, 29 (11) :839-847