A novel low-latency scheduling approach of TSN for multi-link rate networking

Time Sensitive Networks (TSN), as an important representative of deterministic networks, provide low -latency and highly reliable communication services for the growing network applications that have strict requirements. Cyclic Queuing and Forwarding (CQF) is a well-known mechanism proposed by IEEE 802.1Qch for low -latency flow control of time -sensitive networks. It achieves bounded end -to -end delay and jitter transmission through a set of queues without complicated queue gating. However, most of the current work overlooks the widespread existence of multi -link rate networks in LANs and WANs, and the single -cycle CQF is unable to adjust different link rates, resulting in low bandwidth utilization and high latency. In this paper, we propose a novel scheduling approach named Multi -Cycle CQF (MCCQF) to solve the transmission problem in multi -link rate networks, aiming to reduce deterministic end -to -end delay and improve link bandwidth utilization. In addition, we formulate the scheduling constraints, being of guiding significance for designing the transmission of multi -linkrate networks, and we design an online scheduling algorithm based on it. We compare the proposed scheme with the single -cycle CQF online scheduling algorithm in hierarchical multi -link -rate networking scenarios, and the evaluation shows that our algorithm achieves better end -to -end ultra -low latency (38.9% reduction) with a smaller schedulability gap compared with single -cycle CQF. And we also improved the schedulability based on MCCQF by utilizing internal offset.