ICON-Sapphire: simulating the components of the Earth system and their interactions at kilometer and subkilometer scales

被引：60

作者：

Hohenegger, Cathy ^{[1
]}

Korn, Peter ^{[1
]}

Linardakis, Leonidas ^{[1
]}

Redler, Rene ^{[1
]}

Schnur, Reiner ^{[1
]}

Adamidis, Panagiotis ^{[2
]}

Bao, Jiawei ^{[1
]}

Bastin, Swantje ^{[1
]}

Behravesh, Milad ^{[1
]}

Bergemann, Martin ^{[1
,2
]}

Biercamp, Joachim ^{[2
]}

Bockelmann, Hendryk ^{[2
]}

Brokopf, Renate ^{[1
]}

Brueggemann, Nils ^{[1
,3
]}

Casaroli, Lucas ^{[1
]}

Chegini, Fatemeh ^{[1
]}

Datseris, George ^{[1
]}

Esch, Monika ^{[1
]}

George, Geet ^{[1
]}

Giorgetta, Marco ^{[1
]}

Gutjahr, Oliver ^{[1
,3
]}

Haak, Helmuth ^{[1
]}

Hanke, Moritz ^{[2
]}

Ilyina, Tatiana ^{[1
]}

Jahns, Thomas ^{[2
]}

Jungclaus, Johann ^{[1
]}

Kern, Marcel ^{[1
]}

Klocke, Daniel ^{[1
]}

Kluft, Lukas ^{[1
]}

Koelling, Tobias ^{[1
]}

Kornblueh, Luis ^{[1
]}

Kosukhin, Sergey ^{[1
]}

Kroll, Clarissa ^{[1
]}

Lee, Junhong ^{[1
]}

Mauritsen, Thorsten ^{[4
]}

Mehlmann, Carolin ^{[1
]}

Mieslinger, Theresa ^{[1
]}

Naumann, Ann Kristin ^{[1
,5
]}

Paccini, Laura ^{[1
]}

Peinado, Angel ^{[1
]}

Praturi, Divya Sri ^{[1
]}

Putrasahan, Dian ^{[1
]}

Rast, Sebastian ^{[1
]}

Riddick, Thomas ^{[1
]}

Roeber, Niklas ^{[2
]}

Schmidt, Hauke ^{[1
]}

Schulzweida, Uwe ^{[1
]}

Schuette, Florian ^{[1
]}

Segura, Hans ^{[1
]}

Shevchenko, Radomyra ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany

[2] Deutsch Klimarechenzentrum, Hamburg, Germany

[3] Univ Hamburg, Inst Meereskunde, Hamburg, Germany

[4] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, Stockholm, Sweden

[5] Univ Hamburg, Ctr Earth Syst Res & Sustainabil CEN, Hamburg, Germany

[6] Sorbonne Univ, LMD IPSL, CNRS, Paris, France

来源：

GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT | 2023年 / 16卷 / 02期

基金：

欧盟地平线“2020”;

关键词：

SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; HIGH-RESOLUTION MODEL; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; DYNAMICAL CORE; HEAT-BUDGET; GULF-STREAM; OCEAN HEAT; BASE-LINE;

D O I：

10.5194/gmd-16-779-2023

中图分类号：

P [天文学、地球科学];

学科分类号：

07 ;

摘要：

State-of-the-art Earth system models typically employ grid spacings of O(100 km), which is too coarse to explicitly resolve main drivers of the flow of energy and matter across the Earth system. In this paper, we present the new ICON-Sapphire model configuration, which targets a representation of the components of the Earth system and their interactions with a grid spacing of 10 km and finer. Through the use of selected simulation examples, we demonstrate that ICON-Sapphire can (i) be run coupled globally on seasonal timescales with a grid spacing of 5 km, on monthly timescales with a grid spacing of 2.5 km, and on daily timescales with a grid spacing of 1.25 km; (ii) resolve large eddies in the atmosphere using hectometer grid spacings on limited-area domains in atmosphere-only simulations; (iii) resolve submesoscale ocean eddies by using a global uniform grid of 1.25 km or a telescoping grid with the finest grid spacing at 530 m, the latter coupled to a uniform atmosphere; and (iv) simulate biogeochemistry in an ocean-only simulation integrated for 4 years at 10 km. Comparison of basic features of the climate system to observations reveals no obvious pitfalls, even though some observed aspects remain difficult to capture. The throughput of the coupled 5 km global simulation is 126 simulated days per day employing 21 % of the latest machine of the German Climate Computing Center. Extrapolating from these results, multi-decadal global simulations including interactive carbon are now possible, and short global simulations resolving large eddies in the atmosphere and submesoscale eddies in the ocean are within reach.

引用

页码：779 / 811

页数：33

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