Thermal management and temperature uniformity enhancement of cylindrical lithium-ion battery pack based on liquid cooling equipped with twisted tapes

Background: The technology of lithium-ion batteries is adopted as a brilliant energy source for electric vehicles because of its outstanding benefits, such as constant power, long shelf life, lightweight, fast and safe charging, etc. A channeled liquid cooling system is one of the forceful techniques in the thermal management of battery packs. Methods: A cooling system equipped with diverse configurations of twisted tapes is established for a battery module consisting of sixteen commercial ICR18650-26 J lithium-ion batteries. First, the effects of the specific design factor of twisted tapes are investigated. Then to improve the temperature uniformity of the module, nonuniform patterns of twisted tapes are introduced. Significant Findings: The corresponding findings corroborate the effectiveness of using twisted tapes. It is found that the maximum battery temperature can be controlled at around 305 K when the number of twist pitches is seven. However, the results express that the performance changes are not noticeable for increasing this parameter by more than five. It is ascertained that the cooling system with nonuniform twisted tapes is superior to the conventional case. The temperature difference in the battery module is stabilized within 11.25 K by using the twisted tape having an intensified ratio of 1.5.