Solid state synthesis of barium zirconate and its kinetic analysis

In this study, barium zirconate was synthesized by solid-state reaction using barium carbonate and zir-conium dioxide. The reaction process and optimum heat treatment condition were determined by the techniques of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy & energy dispersive spectroscopy, and ther-mogravimetric & differential scanning calorimetry, etc. The results showed that the solid-state reaction starts at 1000 degrees C, and the optimum synthesis temperature was determined as 1200 degrees C. The reaction kinetic parameters were calculated using the Kissinger method, Ozawa's method, and Coats-Redfern method, the reaction activation energies of the first two were 251.42 kJ center dot mol-1 and 261.35 kJ center dot mol-1, respectively. The reaction mechanism was determined by the Coats-Redfern method based on different kinetic models, it follows the diffusion-controlled kinetics, and belongs to 1-D diffusion reaction. The reaction activation energy decreased from 342.56 kJ center dot mol-1 to 272.32 kJ center dot mol-1 as the heating rate increased from 5 K center dot min-1 to 20 K center dot min-1.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.