P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO nanocomposite synthesized by electrospinning: effect of ZnO nanofiller on physical, mechanical, thermal, rheological and piezoelectric properties

P(VDF-TrFE)-based nano-fiber reinforced piezoelectric sensors are extensively used for energy harvesting, structural health monitoring and medical applications. However, low efficiency and sensitivity have been major issues to address. The sensor efficiency can be improved by adding ZnO nanoparticles. The aim of the present research is to study and quantify the effect of ZnO nanoparticles (higher percentage) on P(VDF-TrFE)-based nanocomposites. Here, poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymer and zinc oxide nanoparticle-based nanocomposite are prepared using one-step electrospinning method. ZnO nanoparticles with 18% w/v and 18% w/w concentration are considered for preparing P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO solution. These concentrations were taken relative to both of P(VDF-TrFE) polymer and dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. The nanocomposite films were characterized using different techniques and their beta phase enhanced with the addition of filler. The viscosity, storage and loss modulus increased with the addition of filler, while damping factor decreased. The piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG) were fabricated, and their piezoelectric outputs were recorded in terms of voltage under various loading such as pressing, bending and tapping by human hand. The piezoelectric output of the PENGs is enhanced from 704 mV to 1.15 V and 4 to 5.2 mu A. It is observed that the addition of ZnO nanoparticles into the P(VDF-TrFE) nanofiber made the composite film more active and sensitive. The findings of this study open the door for developing self-powered wearable electrical systems and devices.