MRI: Evaluating the Application of FOCUS-MUSE Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in the Pancreas in Comparison With FOCUS, MUSE, and Single-Shot DWIs

Background Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a useful technique to detect pancreatic lesion. In DWIs, field-of-view optimized and constrained undistorted single-shot (FOCUS) can improve the spatial resolution and multiplexed sensitivity-encoding (MUSE) can gain a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Based on the advantage of FOCUS and MUSE, a new DWI sequence-named FOCUS-MUSE DWI (FOCUS combined with MUSE)-was developed to delineate the pancreas. Purpose To investigate the reliability of FOCUS-MUSE DWI compared to FOCUS, MUSE and single-shot (SS) DWI via the systematical evaluation of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements, SNR and image quality. Study Type Prospective. Subjects A total of 33 healthy volunteers and 9 patients with pancreatic lesion. Field Strength/Sequence A 3.0 T scanner. FOCUS-MUSE DWI, FOCUS DWI, MUSE DWI, SS DWI. Assessment For volunteers, ADC and SNR were measured by two readers in the pancreatic head, body, and tail. For all subjects, the diagnostic image quality score was assessed by three other readers on above four DWIs. Statistical Tests Paired-sample T-test, intraclass correlation (ICC), Bland-Altman method, Friedman test, Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc test and kappa coefficient. A significance level of 0.05 was used. Results FOCUS-MUSE DWI had the best intersession repeatability of ADC measurements (head: 59.53, body: 101.64, tail: 42.30) among the four DWIs, and also maintained the significantly highest SNR (reader 1 [head: 19.68 +/- 3.23, body: 23.42 +/- 5.00, tail: 28.85 +/- 4.96], reader 2 [head: 19.93 +/- 3.52, body: 23.02 +/- 5.69, tail: 29.77 +/- 6.33]) except for MUSE DWI. Furthermore, it significantly achieved better image quality in volunteers (median value: 4 score) and 9 patients (most in 4 score). Data Conclusion FOCUS-MUSE DWI improved the reliability of pancreatic images with the most stable ADC measurement, best image quality score and sufficient SNR among four DWIs. Evidence Level 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 2