Surface Modification of Titanium Implants by Metal Ions and Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application

Implant surface modification can improve osseointegrationand reduceperi-implant inflammation. Implant surfaces are modified with metalsbecause of their excellent mechanical properties and significant functions.Metal surface modification is divided into metal ions and nanoparticlesurface modification. These two methods function by adding a finishingmetal to the surface of the implant, and both play a role in promotingosteogenic, angiogenic, and antibacterial properties. Based on this,the nanostructural surface changes confer stronger antibacterial andcellular affinity to the implant surface. The current paper reviewsthe forms, mechanisms, and applications of nanoparticles and metalion modifications to provide a foundation for the surface modificationof implants.