An adaptive embedding procedure for time series forecasting with deep neural networks

Nowadays, solving time series prediction problems is an open and challenging task. Many solutions are based on the implementation of deep neural architectures, which are able to analyze the structure of the time series and to carry out the prediction. In this work, we present a novel deep learning scheme based on an adaptive embedding mechanism. The latter is exploited to extract a compressed representation of the input time series that is used for the subsequent forecasting. The proposed model is based on a two-layer bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory network, where the first layer performs the adaptive embedding and the second layer acts as a predictor. The performances of the proposed forecasting scheme are compared with several models in two different scenarios, considering both well-known time series and real-life application cases. The experimental results show the accuracy and the flexibility of the proposed approach, which can be used as a prediction tool for any actual application. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).