Simultaneous optimal site selection and sizing of a grid-independent hybrid wind/hydrogen system using a hybrid optimization method based on ELECTRE: A case study in Iran

This study presents a hybrid optimization approach to determine the optimal location and size of wind turbines and hydrogen storage systems in rural areas with high wind energy potential in three Iranian provinces. The study employs the ELECTRE decision-making method to select the optimal site, revealing Assadabad Nehbandan as the optimal site for wind farm implementation. The next step of simulation, compares a hybrid system with wind turbines and batteries to one with hydrogen storage, focusing on cost minimization and reliability maximization. The results show that the cost of energy in the battery-based hybrid system is 0.373 ($/kWh), while in the hydrogen storage-based system, it is 0.609 ($/kWh). Sensitivity analysis indicates that higher wind speeds decrease total net present cost and cost of energy, while increasing interest rates have the opposite effect. Additionally, the economic justification for battery-based hybrid system, with an initial cost of 5954 ($), surpasses the hydrogen storage-based system, costing 13,697 ($).