Bacteriological trends, antibiotic sensitivity and resistance patterns of human respiratory tract samples from tertiary care hospital

Objective: To investigate the bacteriological profile and antibiotic resistance patterns in different samples of human respiratory tract in a tertiary care hospital.Methodology: The study was conducted in Patel hospital, Karachi Pakistan and all case histories including respiratory culture and antibiotic susceptibility results were analyzed. Culture and antibiotic susceptibility reports were retrieved from records of the department. The exact nature of complaints and clinical course of the patients were recorded. Data analysis on SPSS was conducted to determine the different causative agents and their resistance patterns.Results: Out of 900 cultures, 409 showed microbial growth. The most common specimen was tracheal aspirate (69.9%) in which microorganisms were isolated. The most common bacteria isolated from all specimens were Acinetobacter spp (33.25%), Klebesiella pneumoniae (25.18%), Pseudomonas aureeruginosa (20.29) and Escherichia coli (10.02). Acinetobacter species were among the bacteria which were most resistant to antibiotic drugs, followed by Klebesiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aureeruginosa and Escherichia coli. This type of resistance patterns was followed by most the drugs like Cefepime, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone and all other drugs.Conclusion: High resistance patterns were shown by gram negative bacteria like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Cefepime was the most resistant and Gentamycin is most effective drug.