Diffuse gamma-ray emission around the Rosette Nebula

被引:3
作者
Liu, Jia-hao [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Liu, Bing [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Yang, Rui-zhi [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Sci & Technol China, Deep Space Explorat Lab Sch Phys Sci, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China
[2] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Phys Sci, Dept Astron, CAS Key Lab Res Galaxies & Cosmol, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
[3] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Astron & Space Sci, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
关键词
open clusters and associations: individual: NGC 2244; cosmic rays; HII regions; ISM: individual objects: Rosette Nebula; gamma-rays: ISM; COSMIC-RAYS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; MASSIVE CLUSTER; NGC; 2244; FERMI; PHOTOMETRY; DISTANCE; CHANDRA; AGE;
D O I
10.1093/mnras/stad2723
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
The Rosette Nebula is a young stellar cluster and molecular cloud complex, located at the edge of the southern shell of a middle-aged supernova remnant Monoceros Loop (G205.5+0.5). We revisited the GeV gamma-ray emission towards the Rosette Nebula using more than 13yr of Fermi-LAT data. We tested several spatial models and found that compared to the result using the CO gas template only, the inclusion of the Hii gas template can significantly improve the likelihood fit. We performed spectral analysis using the new spatial template. With both the gamma-ray observation and CO+Hii gas data, we derived the cosmic ray spectrum of different components in the vicinity of the Rosette Nebula. We found the gamma-ray emissions from Rosette Nebula are substantially harder than previously reported, which may imply that Rosette Nebula is another example of a gamma-ray emitting young massive star cluster.
引用
收藏
页码:175 / 180
页数:6
相关论文
共 39 条
[1]   Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog [J].
Abdollahi, S. ;
Acero, F. ;
Ackermann, M. ;
Ajello, M. ;
Atwood, W. B. ;
Axelsson, M. ;
Baldini, L. ;
Ballet, J. ;
Barbiellini, G. ;
Bastieri, D. ;
Becerra Gonzalez, J. ;
Bellazzini, R. ;
Berretta, A. ;
Bissaldi, E. ;
Blandford, R. D. ;
Bloom, E. D. ;
Bonino, R. ;
Bottacini, E. ;
Brandt, T. J. ;
Bregeon, J. ;
Bruel, P. ;
Buehler, R. ;
Burnett, T. H. ;
Buson, S. ;
Cameron, R. A. ;
Caputo, R. ;
Caraveo, P. A. ;
Casandjian, J. M. ;
Castro, D. ;
Cavazzuti, E. ;
Charles, E. ;
Chaty, S. ;
Chen, S. ;
Cheung, C. C. ;
Chiaro, G. ;
Ciprini, S. ;
Cohen-Tanugi, J. ;
Cominsky, L. R. ;
Coronado-Blazquez, J. ;
Costantin, D. ;
Cuoco, A. ;
Cutini, S. ;
D'Ammando, F. ;
DeKlotz, M. ;
Luque, P. de la Tone ;
de Palma, F. ;
Desai, A. ;
Digel, S. W. ;
Di Lalla, N. ;
Di Mauro, M. .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, 2020, 247 (01)
[2]   The exceptionally powerful TeV γ-ray emitters in the Large Magellanic Cloud [J].
Abramowski, A. ;
Aharonian, F. ;
Benkhali, F. Ait ;
Akhperjanian, A. G. ;
Anguener, E. O. ;
Backes, M. ;
Balenderan, S. ;
Balzer, A. ;
Barnacka, A. ;
Becherini, Y. ;
Becker-Tjus, J. ;
Berge, D. ;
Bernhard, S. ;
Bernloehr, K. ;
Birsin, E. ;
Biteau, J. ;
Boettcher, M. ;
Boisson, C. ;
Bolmont, J. ;
Bordas, P. ;
Bregeon, J. ;
Brun, F. ;
Brun, P. ;
Bryan, M. ;
Bulik, T. ;
Carrigan, S. ;
Casanova, S. ;
Chadwick, P. M. ;
Chakraborty, N. ;
Chalme-Calvet, R. ;
Chaves, R. C. G. ;
Chretien, M. ;
Colafrancesco, S. ;
Cologna, G. ;
Conrad, J. ;
Couturier, C. ;
Cui, Y. ;
Dalton, M. ;
Davids, I. D. ;
Degrange, B. ;
Deil, C. ;
de Wilt, P. ;
Djannati-Atai, A. ;
Domainko, W. ;
Donath, A. ;
Drury, L. O'C. ;
Dubus, G. ;
Dutson, K. ;
Dyks, J. ;
Dyrda, M. .
SCIENCE, 2015, 347 (6220) :406-412
[3]   Discovery of extended VHE γ-ray emission from the vicinity of the young massive stellar cluster Westerlund 1 [J].
Abramowski, A. ;
Acero, F. ;
Aharonian, F. ;
Akhperjanian, A. G. ;
Anton, G. ;
Balzer, A. ;
Barnacka, A. ;
de Almeida, U. Barres ;
Becherini, Y. ;
Becker, J. ;
Behera, B. ;
Bernloehr, K. ;
Birsin, E. ;
Biteau, J. ;
Bochow, A. ;
Boisson, C. ;
Bolmont, J. ;
Bordas, P. ;
Brucker, J. ;
Brun, F. ;
Brun, P. ;
Bulik, T. ;
Buesching, I. ;
Carrigan, S. ;
Casanova, S. ;
Cerruti, M. ;
Chadwick, P. M. ;
Charbonnier, A. ;
Chaves, R. C. G. ;
Cheesebrough, A. ;
Chounet, L. -M. ;
Clapson, A. C. ;
Coignet, G. ;
Cologna, G. ;
Conrad, J. ;
Dalton, M. ;
Daniel, M. K. ;
Davids, I. D. ;
Degrange, B. ;
Deil, C. ;
Dickinson, H. J. ;
Djannati-Atai, A. ;
Domainko, W. ;
Drury, L. O'C. ;
Dubois, F. ;
Dubus, G. ;
Dutson, K. ;
Dyks, J. ;
Dyrda, M. ;
Egberts, K. .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2012, 537
[4]   A Cocoon of Freshly Accelerated Cosmic Rays Detected by Fermi in the Cygnus Superbubble [J].
Ackermann, M. ;
Ajello, M. ;
Allafort, A. ;
Baldini, L. ;
Ballet, J. ;
Barbiellini, G. ;
Bastieri, D. ;
Belfiore, A. ;
Bellazzini, R. ;
Berenji, B. ;
Blandford, R. D. ;
Bloom, E. D. ;
Bonamente, E. ;
Borgland, A. W. ;
Bottacini, E. ;
Brigida, M. ;
Bruel, P. ;
Buehler, R. ;
Buson, S. ;
Caliandro, G. A. ;
Cameron, R. A. ;
Caraveo, P. A. ;
Casandjian, J. M. ;
Cecchi, C. ;
Chekhtman, A. ;
Cheung, C. C. ;
Chiang, J. ;
Ciprini, S. ;
Claus, R. ;
Cohen-Tanugi, J. ;
de Angelis, A. ;
de Palma, F. ;
Dermer, C. D. ;
do Couto e Silva, E. ;
Drell, P. S. ;
Dumora, D. ;
Favuzzi, C. ;
Fegan, S. J. ;
Focke, W. B. ;
Fortin, P. ;
Fukazawa, Y. ;
Fusco, P. ;
Gargano, F. ;
Germani, S. ;
Giglietto, N. ;
Giordano, F. ;
Giroletti, M. ;
Glanzman, T. ;
Godfrey, G. ;
Grenier, I. A. .
SCIENCE, 2011, 334 (6059) :1103-1107
[5]   Planck 2015 results XVII. Constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity [J].
Ade, P. A. R. ;
Aghanim, N. ;
Arnaud, M. ;
Arrojam, F. ;
Ashdown, M. ;
Aumont, J. ;
Baccigalupi, C. ;
Ballardini, M. ;
Banday, A. J. ;
Barreiro, R. B. ;
Bartolo, N. ;
Basak, S. ;
Battaner, E. ;
Benabed, K. ;
Benoit, A. ;
Benoit-Levy, A. ;
Bernard, J. -P. ;
Bersanelli, M. ;
Bielewicz, P. ;
Bock, J. J. ;
Bonaldi, A. ;
Bonavera, L. ;
Bond, J. R. ;
Borrill, J. ;
Bouchet, F. R. ;
Boulanger, F. ;
Bucher, M. ;
Burigana, C. ;
Butler, R. C. ;
Calabrese, E. ;
Cardoso, J. -F. ;
Catalano, A. ;
Challinor, A. ;
Chamballu, A. ;
Chiang, H. C. ;
Christensen, P. R. ;
Church, S. ;
Clements, D. L. ;
Colombi, S. ;
Colombo, L. P. L. ;
Combet, C. ;
Couchot, F. ;
Coulais, A. ;
Crill, B. P. ;
Curto, A. ;
Cuttaia, F. ;
Danese, L. ;
Davies, R. D. ;
Davis, R. J. ;
de Bernardis, P. .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2016, 594
[6]   Precision Measurement of the Proton Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays from Rigidity 1 GV to 1.8 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station [J].
Aguilar, M. ;
Aisa, D. ;
Alpat, B. ;
Alvino, A. ;
Ambrosi, G. ;
Andeen, K. ;
Arruda, L. ;
Attig, N. ;
Azzarello, P. ;
Bachlechner, A. ;
Barao, F. ;
Barrau, A. ;
Barrin, L. ;
Bartoloni, A. ;
Basara, L. ;
Battarbee, M. ;
Battiston, R. ;
Bazo, J. ;
Becker, U. ;
Behlmann, M. ;
Beischer, B. ;
Berdugo, J. ;
Bertucci, B. ;
Bigongiari, G. ;
Bindi, V. ;
Bizzaglia, S. ;
Bizzarri, M. ;
Boella, G. ;
de Boer, W. ;
Bollweg, K. ;
Bonnivard, V. ;
Borgia, B. ;
Borsini, S. ;
Boschini, M. J. ;
Bourquin, M. ;
Burger, J. ;
Cadoux, F. ;
Cai, X. D. ;
Capell, M. ;
Caroff, S. ;
Casaus, J. ;
Cascioli, V. ;
Castellini, G. ;
Cernuda, I. ;
Cerreta, D. ;
Cervelli, F. ;
Chae, M. J. ;
Chang, Y. H. ;
Chen, A. I. ;
Chen, H. .
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2015, 114 (17)
[7]   Massive stars as major factories of Galactic cosmic rays [J].
Aharonian, Felix ;
Yang, Ruizhi ;
Wilhelmi, Emma de Ona .
NATURE ASTRONOMY, 2019, 3 (06) :561-567
[8]   GIANT MOLECULAR-COMPLEXES AND OB ASSOCIATIONS .1. THE ROSETTE MOLECULAR-COMPLEX [J].
BLITZ, L ;
THADDEUS, P .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 1980, 241 (02) :676-&
[9]   The CO-to-H2 Conversion Factor [J].
Bolatto, Alberto D. ;
Wolfire, Mark ;
Leroy, Adam K. .
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, VOL 51, 2013, 51 :207-268
[10]   Probing the age and structure of the nearby very young open clusters NGC 2244 and 2239 [J].
Bonatto, C. ;
Bica, E. .
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2009, 394 (04) :2127-2140