Expression Changes of CD63, CD203c and FcεRIα in Blood Basophil of Patients with Drug Allergy

Background: Basophil lysosomal membrane-associated glycoprotein 3 (CD63), cluster of Differentiation 203c (CD203c) and high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha (Fc epsilon RI alpha), as specific markers for allergic disease diagnosis, have been used to diagnose allergic diseases such as pollen food and house dust mites. However, their value in the diagnosis of drug allergic reactions is not clear. Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the expression changes of CD63, CD203c and Fc epsilon RI alpha in blood basophil of patients with drug, so as to provide a reference for the in vitro diagnosis of patients with drug allergy. Methods: Seventeen patients with drug allergies in Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University from October 2018 to December 2019 were recruited as the allergy group, and 17 healthy subjects as the control group. The expression of CD63, CD203c and Fc epsilon RI alpha on the surface of basophil was detected using flow cytometry, and the role of CD63, CD203c and Fc epsilon RI alpha in drug allergy was analyzed. Results: The expression rates of CD63, CD203c and Fc epsilon RI alpha in drug allergy group were 99.60%, 98.60% and 98.1%, respectively, which were significantly higher than the control group (91.4%, 75.0% and 87.0%, p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD63, CD203c and Fc epsilon RI alpha in the drug allergy group were significantly increased, with the highest up-regulation by 41%, 57% and 16%, respectively (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression rate of CD63 in penicillin allergy and = MFI were significantly up-regulated by 8.3% and 32%. The expression rate of CD203c in cephalosporin allergy and MFI were up-regulated by 20% and 48%, respectively, and the expression rate of Fc epsilon RI alpha in penicillin allergy and MFI were significantly up-regulated by 13% and 18%, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: CD63, CD203c and Fc epsilon RI alpha are activation markers for the detection of basophils in allergic reactions, which have important clinical significance for diagnosing drug allergic reactions, especially the diagnosis of cephalosporin allergy.