Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer.

Cancer cell migration and invasion are critical components of metastatic disease, the leading cause of death in cancer patients. The epithelium-mesenchyme-transition (EMT) and mesenchyme-epithelium-transition (MET) are pathways involved in cancer metastasis. This process involves the degradation of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix junctions and the subsequent loss of regulation of binding proteins such as E-cadherin. Cells undergo a reorganization of the cytoskeleton. These alterations are associated with a change in cell shape from epithelial to mesenchymal morphology. Understanding EMT and MET's molecular and cellular basis provides fundamental insights into cancer etiology and may lead to new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss some of the regulatory mechanisms and pathological role of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity, focusing on the knowledge about the complexity and dynamics of this phenomenon in cancer.