Study of the GeV to TeV morphology of the γ Cygni SNR (G 78.2+2.1) with MAGIC and Fermi-LAT: Evidence for cosmic ray escape

被引:11
作者
Acciari, V. A. [1 ,2 ]
Ansoldi, S. [3 ,4 ,36 ,37 ,38 ,39 ]
Antonelli, L. A. [5 ]
Engels, A. Arbet [6 ]
Baack, D. [7 ]
Babic, A. [8 ,9 ,10 ,11 ,12 ]
Banerjee, B. [13 ]
de Almeida, U. Barres [14 ]
Barrio, J. A. [15 ,16 ]
Becerra Gonzalez, J. [1 ,2 ]
Bednarek, W. [17 ]
Bellizzi, L. [18 ,19 ]
Bernardini, E. [20 ,24 ,25 ]
Berti, A. [21 ]
Besenrieder, J. [22 ]
Bhattacharyya, W. [20 ]
Bigongiari, C. [5 ]
Biland, A. [6 ]
Blanch, O. [23 ]
Bonnoli, G. [18 ,19 ]
Bosnjak, Z. [8 ,9 ,10 ,11 ,12 ]
Busetto, G. [24 ,25 ]
Carosi, R. [26 ,27 ]
Ceribella, G. [22 ]
Cerruti, M. [28 ]
Chai, Y. [22 ]
Chilingarian, A. [29 ]
Cikota, S. [8 ,9 ,10 ,11 ,12 ]
Colak, S. M. [23 ]
Colin, U. [22 ]
Colombo, E. [1 ,2 ]
Contreras, J. L. [15 ,16 ]
Cortina, J. [30 ]
Covino, S. [5 ]
D'Elia, V [5 ]
Da Vela, P. [26 ,27 ,44 ]
Dazzi, F. [5 ]
De Angelis, A. [24 ,25 ]
De Lotto, B. [3 ,4 ]
Delfino, M. [23 ,45 ]
Delgado, J. [23 ,45 ]
Depaoli, D. [21 ]
Di Pierro, F. [21 ]
Di Venere, L. [21 ]
Do Souto Espineira, E. [23 ]
Dominis Prester, D. [8 ,9 ,10 ,11 ,12 ]
Donini, A. [3 ,4 ]
Dorner, D. [31 ]
Doro, M. [24 ,25 ]
Elsaesser, D. [7 ]
机构
[1] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain
[2] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, Tenerife 38206, Spain
[3] Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
[4] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-33100 Udine, Italy
[5] Natl Inst Astrophys INAF, I-00136 Rome, Italy
[6] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
[7] Tech Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
[8] Univ Rijeka, Dept Phys, Croatian Consortium, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
[9] Univ Split FESB, Split 21000, Croatia
[10] Univ Zagreb FER, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
[11] Univ Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
[12] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
[13] HBNI, Saha Inst Nucl Phys, 1-AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
[14] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis CBPF, 22290-180 URCA, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
[15] Univ Complutense Madrid, IPARCOS Inst, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
[16] Univ Complutense Madrid, EMFTEL Dept, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
[17] Univ Lodz, Fac Phys & Appl Informat, Dept Astrophys, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland
[18] Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
[19] INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy
[20] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
[21] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00044 Rome, Italy
[22] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany
[23] Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol BIST, Inst Fis Altes Energies IFAE, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
[24] Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy
[25] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy
[26] Univ Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
[27] INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
[28] Univ Barcelona, IEEC UB, ICCUB, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
[29] A Alikhanyan Natl Lab, Armenian Consortium ICRANet Armenia NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
[30] Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
[31] Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany
[32] Univ Turku, Finnish MAGIC Consortium Finnish Ctr Astron ESO F, Turku 20014, Finland
[33] Univ Oulu, Astron Res Unit, Oulu 90014, Finland
[34] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
[35] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CERES IEEC, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
[36] Univ Tokyo, Japanese Mag Consortium ICRR, Chiba 2778582, Japan
[37] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan
[38] Tokai Univ, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 2591292, Japan
[39] RIKEN, Saitama 3510198, Japan
[40] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria
[41] Sapienza Univ Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy
[42] INFN Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy
[43] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy
[44] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Particle Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
[45] Port Informacio Cient PIC, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
[46] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
[47] Univ Bologna, INAF Trieste, Bologna, Italy
[48] Univ Bologna, Dept Phys & Astron, Bologna, Italy
基金
芬兰科学院;
关键词
acceleration of particles; cosmic rays; gamma rays: general; gamma rays: ISM; ISM: clouds; ISM: supernova remnants; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; DIFFUSIVE SHOCK ACCELERATION; MAGNETIC-FIELD AMPLIFICATION; SUPERNOVA REMNANT G78.2+2.1; X-RAY; STREAMING INSTABILITY; LIKELIHOOD ANALYSIS; PSR J2021+4026; EMISSION; REGION;
D O I
10.1051/0004-6361/202038748
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
Context. Diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) is the most promising mechanism that accelerates Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) in the shocks of supernova remnants (SNRs). It is based on particles scattering caused by turbulence ahead and behind the shock. The turbulence upstream is supposedly generated by the CRs, but this process is not well understood. The dominant mechanism may depend on the evolutionary state of the shock and can be studied via the CRs escaping upstream into the interstellar medium (ISM). Aims. Previous observations of the gamma Cygni SNR showed a difference in morphology between GeV and TeV energies. Since this SNR has the right age and is at the evolutionary stage for a significant fraction of CRs to escape, our aim is to understand gamma-ray emission in the vicinity of the gamma Cygni SNR. Methods. We observed the region of the gamma Cygni SNR with the MAGIC Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes between 2015 May and 2017 September recording 87 h of good-quality data. Additionally, we analysed Fermi-LAT data to study the energy dependence of the morphology as well as the energy spectrum in the GeV to TeV range. The energy spectra and morphology were compared against theoretical predictions, which include a detailed derivation of the CR escape process and their gamma-ray generation. Results. The MAGIC and Fermi-LAT data allowed us to identify three emission regions that can be associated with the SNR and that dominate at different energies. Our hadronic emission model accounts well for the morphology and energy spectrum of all source components. It constrains the time-dependence of the maximum energy of the CRs at the shock, the time-dependence of the level of turbulence, and the diffusion coefficient immediately outside the SNR shock. While in agreement with the standard picture of DSA, the time-dependence of the maximum energy was found to be steeper than predicted, and the level of turbulence was found to change over the lifetime of the SNR.
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页数:20
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