Coupled Urbanisation and Ecological Protection along the Yellow River Basin in the Context of Dual Carbon

"Peak carbon and neutrality", also known as dual carbon, is the key to solving the problems of energy and industrial low-carbon transformation, and is also fundamental to promoting the development of new industries that protect the environment and conserve resources. Among the cities along the Yellow River Basin, the city of Luoyang in Henan province is strategically vital in the coordinated development of the regional economy. Thus, researching the coupling of urbanisation and ecological protection is an important way to realise the dual carbon goal. To explore the coupling and coordination (CC) between urbanisation and the ecological environment, an index system is built for comprehensively assessing urbanisation and ecological environment (UEE) systems in Luoyang, and a coupling model to measure their coordination degree, quantitatively analyzed the CC process and evolution trend of Luoyang's UEE, and explored the driving factors causing their changes through regression analysis. The results show that the integrated urbanisation development index of Luoyang ranges from 0.7571-0.9497; however, the contribution of the city's population to urbanisation is the lowest at only 5.231%. Therefore, it is suggested that the government and other institutions should pay more attention to coordinating the human-land relationship when planning for urban development. The integrated ecological environment development index ranges from 0.7512-0.8266. The contribution ratio of the ecological environment state and pressure on the ecological environment is relatively high, at 27.9% and 48.7%, respectively. Therefore, the city of Luoyang city should reduce the emission of industrial pollutants and improve the environmental level. In addition, the CC degree of UEE of Luoyang ranges from 0.8131-0.9296 during 2016-2021, with an overall trend of steady increase, and the coupling correlation coefficient of R-2 = 0.9335, with a good overall coupling effect. The results show that Luoyang needs to further accelerate its industrial transformation and upgrading and spatial development strategy, and strive to become an environment-optimised city. This study provides scientific and practical suggestions for the CC development of urbanisation and environment in the city of Luoyang, Henan province, and has reference value for accelerating the realisation of the two-carbon strategy.