A Review of 3D Polymeric Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Principles, Fabrication Techniques, Immunomodulatory Roles, and Challenges

被引:90
作者
Abdelaziz, Ahmed G. G. [1 ]
Nageh, Hassan [2 ]
Abdo, Sara M. M. [1 ]
Abdalla, Mohga S. S. [1 ]
Amer, Asmaa A. A. [3 ]
Abdal-hay, Abdalla [4 ,5 ]
Barhoum, Ahmed [6 ]
机构
[1] Helwan Univ, Fac Sci, Chem Dept, Biochem Div, Cairo 11795, Egypt
[2] British Univ Egypt, Nanotechnol Res Ctr NTRC, Cairo 11837, Egypt
[3] Natl Res Ctr, Pharmaceut & Drug Ind Res Inst, Dept Pharmacognosy, Giza 12622, Egypt
[4] South Valley Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Qena 83523, Egypt
[5] New Cairo Technol Univ, Fac Ind & Energy Technol, Mechatron Technol Program, Cairo 11835, Egypt
[6] Dublin City Univ, Sch Chem Sci, Dublin D09Y074, Ireland
来源
BIOENGINEERING-BASEL | 2023年 / 10卷 / 02期
关键词
tissue engineering and regenerative medicine; biopolymers; nanofabrication techniques; additive manufacturing; rapid prototyping; customized therapy 3D scaffolds;
D O I
10.3390/bioengineering10020204
中图分类号
Q81 [生物工程学(生物技术)]; Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 0836 ; 090102 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Over the last few years, biopolymers have attracted great interest in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to the great diversity of their chemical, mechanical, and physical properties for the fabrication of 3D scaffolds. This review is devoted to recent advances in synthetic and natural polymeric 3D scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE) and regenerative therapies. The review comprehensively discusses the implications of biological macromolecules, structure, and composition of polymeric scaffolds used in BTE. Various approaches to fabricating 3D BTE scaffolds are discussed, including solvent casting and particle leaching, freeze-drying, thermally induced phase separation, gas foaming, electrospinning, and sol-gel techniques. Rapid prototyping technologies such as stereolithography, fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering, and 3D bioprinting are also covered. The immunomodulatory roles of polymeric scaffolds utilized for BTE applications are discussed. In addition, the features and challenges of 3D polymer scaffolds fabricated using advanced additive manufacturing technologies (rapid prototyping) are addressed and compared to conventional subtractive manufacturing techniques. Finally, the challenges of applying scaffold-based BTE treatments in practice are discussed in-depth.
引用
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页数:43
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