Another Year of Record Heat for the Oceans

被引：49

作者：

Cheng, Lijing ^{[1
,2
]}

Abraham, John ^{[3
]}

Trenberth, Kevin E. ^{[4
,5
]}

Fasullo, John ^{[4
]}

Boyer, Tim ^{[6
]}

Mann, Michael E. ^{[7
]}

Zhu, Jiang ^{[1
,2
]}

Wang, Fan ^{[2
,8
]}

Locarnini, Ricardo ^{[6
]}

Li, Yuanlong ^{[2
,8
]}

Zhang, Bin ^{[2
,8
]}

Yu, Fujiang ^{[9
]}

Wan, Liying ^{[9
]}

Chen, Xingrong ^{[9
]}

Feng, Licheng ^{[9
]}

Song, Xiangzhou ^{[10
]}

Liu, Yulong ^{[11
]}

Reseghetti, Franco ^{[12
]}

Simoncelli, Simona ^{[13
]}

Gouretski, Viktor ^{[1
]}

Chen, Gengxin ^{[14
]}

Mishonov, Alexey ^{[6
,15
]}

Reagan, Jim ^{[6
,16
]}

Li, Guancheng

机构：

[1] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Int Ctr Climate & Environm Sci, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China

[2] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Ocean Mega Sci, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China

[3] Univ St Thomas, Sch Engn, St Paul, MN 55105 USA

[4] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA

[5] Univ Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

[6] Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Administrat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA

[7] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA

[8] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China

[9] Minist Nat Resources China, Natl Marine Environm Forecasting Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China

[10] Hohai Univ, Coll Oceanog, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China

[11] Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China

[12] Italian Natl Agcy New Technol, S Teresa Res Ctr, Energy & Sustainable Econ Dev, I-19032 Lerici, Italy

[13] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sede Bologna, I-40128 Bologna, Italy

[14] Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, Guangzhou 510301, Peoples R China

[15] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, CISESS MD, College Pk, MD 20740 USA

[16] Minist Ecol & Environm, Ecoenvironm Monitoring & Res Ctr, Pearl River Valley & South China Sea Ecol & Enviro, Guangzhou 510611, Peoples R China

来源：

ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES | 2023年 / 40卷 / 06期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会; 中国国家自然科学基金;

关键词：

ocean heat content; salinity; stratification; global warming; climate; INDIAN-OCEAN;

D O I：

10.1007/s00376-023-2385-2

中图分类号：

P4 [大气科学（气象学）];

学科分类号：

0706 ; 070601 ;

摘要：

Changes in ocean heat content (OHC), salinity, and stratification provide critical indicators for changes in Earth's energy and water cycles. These cycles have been profoundly altered due to the emission of greenhouse gasses and other anthropogenic substances by human activities, driving pervasive changes in Earth's climate system. In 2022, the world's oceans, as given by OHC, were again the hottest in the historical record and exceeded the previous 2021 record maximum. According to IAP/CAS data, the 0-2000 m OHC in 2022 exceeded that of 2021 by 10.9 +/- 8.3 ZJ (1 Zetta Joules = 10(21) Joules); and according to NCEI/NOAA data, by 9.1 +/- 8.7 ZJ. Among seven regions, four basins (the North Pacific, North Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea, and southern oceans) recorded their highest OHC since the 1950s. The salinity-contrast index, a quantification of the "salty gets saltier-fresh gets fresher" pattern, also reached its highest level on record in 2022, implying continued amplification of the global hydrological cycle. Regional OHC and salinity changes in 2022 were dominated by a strong La Nina event. Global upper-ocean stratification continued its increasing trend and was among the top seven in 2022.

引用

页码：963 / 974

页数：12

共 53 条

[1] A REVIEW OF GLOBAL OCEAN TEMPERATURE OBSERVATIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR OCEAN HEAT CONTENT ESTIMATES AND CLIMATE CHANGE [J].

Abraham, J. P. ;

Baringer, M. ;

Bindoff, N. L. ;

Boyer, T. ;

Cheng, L. J. ;

Church, J. A. ;

Conroy, J. L. ;

Domingues, C. M. ;

Fasullo, J. T. ;

Gilson, J. ;

Goni, G. ;

Good, S. A. ;

Gorman, J. M. ;

Gouretski, V. ;

Ishii, M. ;

Johnson, G. C. ;

Kizu, S. ;

Lyman, J. M. ;

Macdonald, A. M. ;

Minkowycz, W. J. ;

Moffitt, S. E. ;

Palmer, M. D. ;

Piola, A. R. ;

Reseghetti, F. ;

Schuckmann, K. ;

Trenberth, K. E. ;

Velicogna, I. ;

Willis, J. K. .

REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS, 2013, 51 (03) :450-483

[2] The ocean response to climate change guides both adaptation and mitigation efforts [J].

Abraham, John ;

Cheng, Lijing ;

Mann, Michael E. ;

Trenberth, Kevin ;

von Schuckmann, Karina .

ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCE LETTERS, 2022, 15 (04)

[3]

[Anonymous], 2014, CLIMATE CHANGE 2014, V80, P1

[4]

Armour KC, 2016, NAT GEOSCI, V9, P549, DOI [10.1038/NGEO2731, 10.1038/ngeo2731]

[5]

Boyer T. P., 2018, WORLD OCEAN DATABASE, V87

[6]

Cheng L J., 2018, EOS, V99, P14, DOI [DOI 10.1029/2017EO081839, 10.1029/2017EO081839]

[7] Past and future ocean warming [J].

Cheng, Lijing ;

von Schuckmann, Karina ;

Abraham, John P. ;

Trenberth, Kevin E. ;

Mann, Michael E. ;

Zanna, Laure ;

England, Matthew H. ;

Zika, Jan D. ;

Fasullo, John T. ;

Yu, Yongqiang ;

Pan, Yuying ;

Zhu, Jiang ;

News, Emily R. ;

Bronselaer, Ben ;

Lin, Xiaopei .

NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT, 2022, 3 (11) :776-794

[8] Improved Quantification of the Rate of Ocean Warming [J].

Cheng, Lijing ;

Foster, Grant ;

Hausfather, Zeke ;

Trenberth, Kevin E. ;

Abraham, John .

JOURNAL OF CLIMATE, 2022, 35 (14) :4827-4840

[9] Improved Estimates of Changes in Upper Ocean Salinity and the Hydrological Cycle [J].

Cheng, Lijing ;

Trenberth, Kevin E. ;

Gruber, Nicolas ;

Abraham, John P. ;

Fasullo, John T. ;

Li, Guancheng ;

Mann, Michael E. ;

Zhao, Xuanming ;

Zhu, Jiang .

JOURNAL OF CLIMATE, 2020, 33 (23) :10357-10381

[10] Evolution of Ocean Heat Content Related to ENSO [J].

Cheng, Lijing ;

Trenberth, Kevin E. ;

Fasullo, John T. ;

Mayer, Michael ;

Balmaseda, Magdalena ;

Zhu, Jiang .

JOURNAL OF CLIMATE, 2019, 32 (12) :3529-3556

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 →