Analysis and Evaluation of Photovoltaic Cell Defects and Their Impact on Electricity Generation

Many problems arise in the operation of photovoltaic systems. Each of these problems affects the operation of photovoltaic systems by reducing the power of the entire system. Some problems can be avoided during the design of photovoltaic systems. For example, when designing photovoltaic systems, it is possible to eliminate the shading of photovoltaic panels from surrounding objects. It is also necessary to look at the shading from neighboring photovoltaic panels when designing photovoltaic systems. It is necessary to calculate the inclination of the sunlight based on the position of the sun and calculate the distance between the two panels accordingly. However, some problems appear during the operation of photovoltaic systems. These problems can be partially eliminated. The magnitude of the series resistance can be eliminated by reducing the transition resistance throughout the system. The paper describes these problems and their possible solutions in practice. In the practical part, we focused on simulations and experiments in the field of photovoltaic systems (PV). The simulations focused on both the influence of temperature and the series resistance of photovoltaic panels on the production of electricity. The experiments were focused on the influence of various faults/defects on the power and V-A characteristics of photovoltaic panels connected in strings. The paper also discusses the impact of bypass diodes on the operation of photovoltaic systems and determines the need to use bypass diodes.