Measurement invariance of entrepreneurial personality in relation to sex, age, and self-employment

The analysis of sociodemographic variables such as age and sex has demonstrated their importance in entrepreneurial activity. Therefore, it is important to study the role these variables play in entrepreneurial personality. The aim of this research was to examine measurement invariance of the Battery for the Assessment of the Enterprising Personality (BEPE), and to study the differences in entrepreneurial personality as a function of sex, age, and being self-employed or not. The sample comprised 1170 participants (>30 years old: 76.1%; women: 60%; self-employed: 13%). We analyzed various levels of measurement invariance: configural, metric, scalar, and residual invariance. The BEPE showed measurement invariance with respect to age, sex and type of employment at all of the invariance levels. We also found differences in entrepreneurial personality as a function of these sociodemographic variables.