Prognostic and diagnostic utility of interleukin-6 in pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension - a case-control study

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in pediatrics is a progressive disease with significant vascular remodeling, right sided heart failure, and death if left untreated. Elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) level in PAH patients is taken as an independent predictor of adverse outcome including mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare serum levels of IL-6 in children with PAH and healthy matched controls, and correlate between IL-6 and degree of PAH, as well as mortality. IL-6 was measured by ELISA in serum samples in 40 children with PAH (age 1-12 years) and 40 age and sex-matched healthy controls. There was a statistically significant increase in IL-6 level among PAH cases compared with the controls (1.85 ng/L vs 1.30 ng/L, p-value = 0.004). IL-6 at cut off point 1.45 ng/L significantly predict pulmonary hypertension in children (AUC = 0.685, 75% sensitivity, and 65% specificity with p = 0.002). There was no statistically significant association between IL-6 level and degree of PAH (p = 0.218). There was no statistically significant association between IL-6 level and mortality (p = 0.662). Conclusion: IL-6 significantly predict PAH in pediatrics but there is no association between IL-6 level and degree of PAH or mortality. IL-6 may provide a less costly and less invasive method for disease detection.What is Known:center dot Definitive diagnosis of PAH is made by right heart catheterization, while echocardiography is the gold standard for tracking the course of the disease.What is New:center dot It was assumed that children with a diagnosis of PAH would have higher serum IL-6 levels than controls. Furthermore, an adverse relationship between the blood IL-6 level and PPAH was predicted.