Mn(<sc>ii</sc>)-hemoporfin-based metal-organic frameworks as a theranostic nanoplatform for MRI-guided sonodynamic therapy

Imaging-guided therapy holds great potential for enhancing therapeutic performance in a personalized way. However, it is still challenging to develop appropriate multifunctional materials to overcome the limitations of current all-in-one theranostic agents. In this study, we developed a one-for-all theranostic nanoplatform called Mn(ii)-hemoporfin MOFs, designed specifically for MRI-guided sonodynamic tumor therapy. The formation of MOF structures not only improves imaging but also enhances therapeutic effects through collective actions. Furthermore, by modifying polyethylene glycol (PEG), Mn(ii)-hemoporfin-PEG was able to enhance permeability and retention effects, ensuring long circulation in the blood and accumulation in the tumor. MRI enhancement provided by Mn(ii)-hemoporfin-PEG remained localized at the tumor site, with Mn(ii)-hemoporfin-PEG demonstrating 88.6% efficacy in sonodynamic therapy testing in vivo. Mn(ii)-hemoporfin-PEG exhibits excellent longitudinal relaxation, MRI effects, and sonodynamic performance, making it a promising alternative for clinical cancer treatment.