Can Acellular Dermal Matrix and Kombucha Cellulose Membrane Be Used in Calvarial Reconstruction?

Objective: Our objective was to study the applicability of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and Kombucha membrane (KM) in repairing calvarial dura mater defects.Methods: In a study conducted on Wistar rats, six groups were formed. A dorsal calvarial subperiosteal pocket was created in all rats. Two groups were implanted with an ADM and two groups with a KM. The other two groups were designated as control groups. Half of the six groups were sacrificed on day 30, while the other half were sacrificed on day 60. Tissue grafts were removed from the subperiosteal pocket and subjected to histological analysis. Neovascularization and calcification intensity were examined by preparing samples with hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid Schiff stains and observing them under a light microscope.Results: In the control group, intense calcification was observed, but neovascularization was not observed. In the KM group, intense calcification was observed in almost all animals in both the 30-day and 60-day samples, and while neovascularization was absent in the 30-day animals, signs of neovascularization were present in half of the 60-day animals. In the ADM group, while no signs of neovascularization were observed in the 30-day and 60-day tissues, calcification was seen in more than half of the 30-day animals and disappeared in the 60-day animals.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential use of KM in calvarial reconstruction.