Effect of palm sprout fiber and palm kernal de-oiled cake cellulose on mechanical, fatigue, and DMA properties of toughened vinyl ester composites

De-oiled palm cake cellulose (PKC) and palm sprout fiber (PSF)-reinforced vinyl ester resin composites were the focus of this investigation. Composites made up of varying amounts of cellulose were tested for their mechanical, fatigue, and dynamic mechanical behavior (DMA) in this investigation. Cellulose was extracted from the de-oiled palm cake using a modified chemical process, and the composites were fabricated using the hand layup method. The study concluded that the mechanical, fatigue, and DMA properties might be improved by adding fibers. Compression strength was 158 MPa, tensile strength was 155 MPa, Izod impact toughness was 5.13 J, and flexural strength was 178 MPa for the V4 composite classification. Maximum fatigue life counts of 33,451, 30,172, and 24,281 for composite designation V4 are also recorded for 30%, 60%, and 90% of UTS, respectively. The composite material designated V5 has a storage modulus of 104.5% higher and a loss factor of approximately 23.52% higher than that of plain resin. These composites have the potential for use in commercial, residential, and vehicular settings due to their high mechanical and fatigue qualities.