A decision framework of offshore wind power station site selection using a MULTIMOORA method under pythagorean hesitant fuzzy environment

As global energy demand continues to grow, the demand for renewable energy continues to rise. To meet this demand, many countries have begun to actively promote the development of offshore wind power projects. Since siting is the key to the success of offshore wind power projects, this paper aims to develop a mixed decision-making framework to address the siting of offshore wind power station (OWPS). Firstly, establish a relatively comprehensive OWPS evaluation attribute system. Secondly, the pythagorean hesitation fuzzy set (PHFS) was used to describe the evaluation information in the OWPS site selection process. It can ensure the hesitancy and fuzziness of evaluation information, and is not constrained by the sum of membership and non membership being less than 1. Thirdly, the improved SWARA method is used to calculate the weight of attributes. Finally, an extended MULTIMOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of a Ratio Analysis plus the Full Multipli-cative form) method is proposed to rank the siting alternatives for OWPS. The proposed method is applied to the study of OWPS site selection in Shandong Province, China. Through calculation, the comprehensive ranking values are G1 = 14, G2 = 7, G3 = 4, G4 = 8 and G5 = 13. Therefore, A3 is the best alternative. Through sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis, it was verified that the proposed model has good reliability and stability.