Phytase Production by Lactobacillus plantarum A1-E in Submerged and Solid-State Fermentation

Enzyme activity is influenced by several important factors, including the amount and type of substrate, solvent type, pH, temperature, presence of inhibitory and activating ions, and concentration of enzymes. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate phytase production from Lactobacillus plantarum A1-E using submerged (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF). Phytase production was determined using SmF with fructose and sucrose as the primary carbon sources at concentrations of 4.5%, 6%, and 7.5%. Additionally, SSF was conducted using three distinct substrates, including soybean Meal, rice Bran, and pollard. The results indicated that the highest phytase activity was achieved through SSF when rice bran was used as a substrate (88.48 U/mL or 4.65 U/mg). The use of 4.5% sucrose as a carbon source in the SmF technique showed the highest specific phytase activity (4.38 U/mg) compared to other carbon sources at various concentrations. The addition of metal ions showed that Fe2+, Mn2+, and Co2+ at concentrations of 1-5 mM, Mg2+ and Zn2+ at concentrations of 3-5 mM, and Ca2+ at a concentration of 3 mM acted as activators that increased phytase activity compared to control. Meanwhile, Mg2+ and Zn2+ at concentrations 1-2 mM were inhibitors.