Colloidal network oleogels structured by sonothermal conjugates of sodium caseinate and anionic gums

Food-grade colloidal network oleogels prepared by high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templates are innovative systems in the field of solid fat mimetics. However, finding a colloidal stabilizer with outstanding interfacial activity that can stabilize the oleogels throughout storage (without oil-off) is still an uphill task. Herein, con-jugates were prepared via sonothermal glycation of sodium caseinate (SC) with kappa appa-carrageenan (kC) or Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) and then successfully utilized in the stabilization of HIPEs. Emulsions were then oven-dried to obtain the oleogels. It was observed that HIPE stabilized by SC-AHSG conjugate prepared by 30 min sonication pretreatment (SC-AHSG30) resulted in the lowest mean droplet size (1.75 +/- 0.01 mu m) and polydispersity (0.47 +/- 0.04) as well as the highest zeta potential (-33.43 +/- 0.12 mV), centrifugal stability (82.20 +/- 0.43%) and storage stability. This was justified by the highest glycation degree and interfacial activity of SC-AHSG30 conjugate. Likewise, the HIPE-templated oleogel stabilized by SC-AHSG30 conjugate revealed the highest apparent viscosity, gel strength (complex modulus = 621.80 +/- 4.68 kPa), melting temperature (115.45 +/- 0.65 degrees C), induction period of oxidation (25.14 +/- 0.05 days) and was ultra-stable throughout 30-days of storage (no oil-off was noticed). This research confirms that sonothermally-glycated food hydrocolloids can be utilized as superb liquid oil structurants.