Enhancing the performance of tubular solar stills for water purification: A comprehensive review and comparative analysis of methodologies and materials

This research paper presents a comprehensive review and comparative analysis aimed at enhancing the performance of tubular solar stills for water purification. As the global demand for clean and potable water rises, harnessing solar energy for water desalination has gained considerable attention. Tubular solar stills offer a promising solution, utilizing solar radiation to drive the purification process to produce a moderate productivity of 6-10 L/m2.day. This paper systematically reviews existing methodologies and materials employed in the design and construction of tubular solar stills, evaluating their impact on overall performance. The review encompasses various aspects, including the geometry of tubular solar stills, heat-absorbing materials, condensation surfaces, and innovative enhancements applied to improve efficiency. Comparative analyses are conducted to assess the strengths and limitations of different approaches, providing insights into the factors influencing distillation rates, energy efficiency, and cost-effectiveness such as using nanofluids, phase change materials and thermal storing materials, glass cooling, water preheating, rotating cylinders, various absorber shapes ... etc. Furthermore, the paper discusses recent advancements in nanotechnology and novel materials that hold promise for optimizing tubular solar still performance to have such productivity of 11 L/m2.day and efficiency of 80 %. The findings of this research aim to guide researchers, engineers, and policymakers in selecting optimal design parameters and materials for tubular solar stills, ultimately contributing to the development of more efficient and sustainable water purification systems. The holistic approach presented in this paper seeks to address the existing challenges and promote the widespread adoption of tubular solar stills as a viable solution for decentralized water purification in regions facing water scarcity.