Two-dimensional materials and their role in sensitivity enhancement of surface plasmon resonance based biosensor

Biosensing demands the development of reliable, eco-friendly, and real-time detection techniques for the early diagnosis and eradication of diseases from our vicinity. Among the variety of sensing techniques, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors have gotten considerable attention due to their low time consumption and low cost. Through this review, we have figured out various schemes for the detection of bio species using SPR sensors, and the role of 2D materials in enhancing the performance of the sensor is also conveyed. We started with a brief explanation of different types of 2D nanomaterials and discussed the mechanical, chemical, electrical, optical, thermal, and magnetic properties of 2D materials. We have carefully studied the recent developments in the field of biosensing with different 2D materials such as; carbon-related compounds, MoS2, WS2, MXene, black phos-phorus, and their composites. We have further studied the role of each plasmonic metal in the enhancement process.