Optimization of Data-Driven Soil Temperature Forecast-The First Model in Bangladesh

Soil temperature patterns are of great importance for any agro-based economy like Bangladesh since they significantly affect biological, chemical, and physical processes that take place in the soil. Unfortunately, there have been no forecast studies on soil temperature in Bangladesh until now. In this article, we used five tree-based models (decision tree, random forest, gradient boosting tree, a hybrid of decision tree and gradient boosting tree, and a hybrid of random forest and gradient boosting tree) to mine strong links among different meteorological factors and soil temperature at different time window sizes. We found that a hybrid of random forest and gradient boosting tree with all the meteorological factors and a five-day time window is optimal for forecasting soil temperature at depths of 10 cm and 30 cm for all lead times (one, three, or five days), whereas the random forest with the same input scenario and time window is optimal for forecasting soil temperature at a depth of 50 cm for long lead times (five days). Since our study includes the first soil temperature forecast model in Bangladesh, it provides valuable insights for agricultural soil management, fertilizer application, and water resource optimization in Bangladesh, as well as in other South Asian countries that share the same climate patterns as Bangladesh.