Barriers and Facilitators of Artificial Intelligence in Family Medicine: An Empirical Study With Physicians in Saudi Arabia

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is a novel technology that has been widely acknowledged for its potential to improve the processes' efficiency across industries. However, its barriers and facilitators in healthcare are not completely understood due to its novel nature.Study purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the intricate landscape of AI use in family medicine, aiming to uncover the factors that either hinder or enable its successful adoption.Methods: A cross-sectional survey design is adopted in this study. The questionnaire included 10 factors (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, behavioral intention, trust, perceived privacy risk, personal innovativeness, ethical concerns, and facilitators) affecting the acceptance of AI. A total of 157 family physicians participated in the online survey.Results: Effort expectancy (II = 3.85) and facilitating conditions (II = 3.77) were identified to be strong influence factors. Access to data (II = 4.33), increased computing power (II = 3.92), and telemedicine (mu = 3.78) were identified as major facilitators; regulatory support (II = 2.29) and interoperability standards (II = 2.71) were identified as barriers along with privacy and ethical concerns. Younger individuals tend to have more positive attitudes and expectations toward AI-enabled assistants compared to older participants (p < .05). Perceived privacy risk is negatively correlated with all factors.Conclusion: Although there are various barriers and concerns regarding the use of AI in healthcare, the preference for AI use in healthcare, especially family medicine, is increasing.