Optimization of the spatial layout of animal husbandry based on comprehensive competitive advantage evaluation and nutrient balance: a case study of Heilongjiang province

The optimization of the spatial layout of animal husbandry has great significance for the sustainable development of animal husbandry. However, limited research has focused on the optimization of the spatial layout of animal husbandry based on comprehensive competitive advantage evaluation and nutrient balance between planting and breeding. This study established a comprehensive competitive advantage evaluation model of animal husbandry. Based on this model, we performed comprehensive competitive advantage evaluation of animal husbandry. We further calculated the land-carrying capacity index of animal manure and potential land-carrying capacity of animal according to the principle of nutrient balance. Finally, the spatial layout of animal husbandry was optimized using Geographic Information System spatial analysis. Results showed that Harbin had obvious comprehensive competitive advantage in pig, cattle, sheep, and poultry breeding. Daqing had obvious comprehensive competitive advantage in cattle and sheep breeding. The land-carrying capacity index of animal manure of Daxing'anling constantly exceeded 1. The potential land-carrying capacity of animal in Heilongjiang province was uneven, and most regions in Heilongjiang province had development potential of animal husbandry. The optimized target regions of the spatial layout of pig, cattle, sheep, and poultry breeding were all Harbin. A total of 77 956.03 pig equivalent in Daxing'anling was recommended to be transferred to Harbin. Our results are useful for the spatial layout of animal husbandry, environmental pollution prevention from animal husbandry, and optimization of animal products structure.