Prospects for the Use of Small Extracellular Vesicles as a Transport Vehicle through the Blood-Brain Barrier

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are one of the most promising objects of research in neurobiology. This class of particles includes membrane vesicles up to 200 nm in size. The composition of sEVs includes proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and low-molecular-weight metabolites. Due to structural features, sEVs are not absorbed by macrophages and can circulate in the blood for quite a long time compared to other nanoparticles. It is generally accepted that sEVs are secreted by all cells of the body and carry out intercellular signaling, which has not yet been elucidated in much detail. The ability of these nanoparticles to penetrate the blood-brain barrier allows us to consider them as promising vehicles for the transfer of drugs to the brain.