Role of NF-κB in cardiac changes of obstructive sleep apnoea rabbits treated by mandibular advancement device

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the role of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) in the changes of cardiac structures in OSA rabbits treated by mandibular advancement device (MAD). Methods: Eighteen male New Zealand white rabbits aged 6 months were randomly divided into three groups: control group, group OSA and group MAD. Hyaluronate gel was injected into the soft palate of the rabbits in group OSA and group MAD to induce OSA. The cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) of the upper airway and polysomnography (PSG) was performed to ensure successful modelling. CBCT and PSG were applied again to detect the effects of MAD treatment. All animals were induced to sleep in a supine position for 4-6 h a day for 8 weeks. Then the levels of NF-kappa B, Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and the proportion of myocardial fibrosis (MF) were detected. Results: The higher activation of NF-kappa B, IL-6 and IL-10 were found in the OSA group than in the control group, leading to the increase of collagen fibres compared with the control group. Furthermore, the apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI) was positively correlated with the above factors. There were no significant differences between group MAD and the control group. Conclusion: The NF-kappa B pathway was activated in the myocardium of OSA rabbits, which accelerated the development of MF. Early application of MAD could reduce the activation of NF-kappa B in the myocardium and prevent the development of MF.