Numerical Study on Local Scour Reduction around Two Cylindrical Piers Arranged in Tandem Using Collars

Local scour occurring near bridge piers has become a major problem all over the world, which has caused countless bridge damage events. Explorations regarding local scour reduction measurements have become a research hotspot in the field. Much effective research has been conducted on scour reduction for single piers. However, studies on local scour reduction around multiple piers that are arranged in tandem have rarely been reported. Therefore, the effect of the span and the local scour reduction measurement (collar) on the characteristics of the local scouring behavior around two piers arranged in tandem are explored in this research, with numerical simulations in clear-water conditions. The results show that the local scour depth of the downstream pier increases gradually with an increase in the pier spacing, due to the weakened sheltering effect of the upstream pier. The local scouring of both the upstream and downstream piers can be reduced if the upstream pier is protected by a collar. The local scour reduction efficiency of the upstream pier can reach 52 similar to 55%. The local scour reduction efficiency of the downstream pier decreases rapidly from 84.3% to 8.3% with an increase in the pier spacing. If the pier spacing, G, is greater than 4.0D (D is the diameter of the pier), the local scour depth around the downstream pier is larger than that around the upstream pier. Therefore, if the local scour depth of the upstream pier is considered safe and acceptable, it is used as the reduction target of the downstream local scour depth. A collar must be adapted for use around the downstream pier when G/D > 4.0. If both the piers are protected by collars of the same size (W = 3.0D), the local scour reduction efficiency of the downstream pier is about 15% more than that of the upstream pier. The local scour depth around the downstream pier is 64.5% of that around the upstream pier. Therefore, the size of the collar around the downstream pier can be decreased to save costs. The local scour reduction efficiency for the downstream pier reduces from 66.7% to 39.8% when the downstream collar size (W) decreases from 3.0D to 2.0D. To ensure that the local scour depth around the downstream pier is no greater than that of the upstream pier, the downstream collar should be larger than 2.25D. These results can serve as a reference for the local scour reduction of two piers arranged in tandem.