Adipose Tissue and Plasma Markers Associated with HbA1c Pre- and Post-bariatric Surgery: a Cross-sectional and Cohort Study

Purpose Obesity can be associated with chronic inflammation and dysregulated expression of inflammatory adipokines that contribute to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. This may also affect the clinical response to bariatric surgery. Our objective was whether baseline visceral adipose tissue features and plasma adipokine are associated with HbA1c & GE;0.06 at the time of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery and with persistently elevated HbA1c at 12 months post-RYGB.Methods During the surgery, adipose biopsies and plasma were collected for adipokine/cytokine profile. Clinical and biochemical measurements were also collected at the time of RYGB and, in those with baseline elevated HbA1c, at 12 months post-RYGB.Results In the cross-sectional study, 109 patients (82.6% female; age 49 years; BMI 46.98 kg/m(2)) participated. Of those with elevated HbA1c at baseline (n = 61), 47 patients had repeated measurements at 12 months post-RYGB (23% drop-out). Using a multivariate logistic regression model, older age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.22) and higher plasma resistin (aOR, 5.30; 95% CI, 1.25-22.44) were associated with higher odds of HbA1c = 0.06, whereas higher plasma adiponectin (aOR, 0.993; 95% CI, 0.99-0.996) was associated with lower odds of HbA1c = 0.06. In addition, baseline higher average adipose cell area (aOR, 1.0017; 95% CI, 1.0002-1.0032) and plasma resistin (aOR, 1.0004; 95% CI, 1.0000-1.0009) were associated with higher odds of having persistently elevated HbA1c at 12 months post-RYGB.Conclusion Our study suggests that baseline plasma adipokine dysregulation, specifically high resistin, and adipocyte hypertrophy may affect the clinical response to RYGB.