Fractographic analysis of fiber-reinforced polymer laminate composites for marine applications: A comprehensive review

In the past decade, polymer-based glass fiber-reinforced laminate composites have gained significant popularity in various mass transit applications, including marine, aircraft, and automotive industries. However, it is crucial to consider the degradation and potential failure of these materials, especially in mass transit networks. To address this concern, fractographic analysis has emerged as a valuable approach for investigating fracture surfaces, extracting vital information, and facilitating the development of new materials. Furthermore, it sheds light on the underlying physical mechanisms that contribute to composite failure. This paper primarily focuses on examining flaws, failure modes, and performing fractography analysis on fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) laminate composites subjected to various loading conditions such as tension, compression, flexure, impact, shear, and fracture. Fractography, as an indispensable method, plays a pivotal role in the comprehensive development of composite structures and has become a reliable tool for composite engineers. The outcomes of this study are expected to serve as a foundation for identifying areas that require further investigation in terms of fracture analysis and failure modes specific to FRP composite materials, particularly those used in marine applications.Highlights Introduction to FRP laminate composites in marine structures. Concise analysis of failure modes in FRP laminate composites. SEM fractography review of FRP laminate composites under varied loading conditions. Comprehensive study on tensile, flexural, impact, compression, shear, and fracture toughness failure modes. Summarization of identified defects in FRP composites. Review on Fractography of laminate composites for marine applications. Fractography undervarious mechanical loading conditions such as tensile, flexural, impact,fracture and shear. image