Reference ranges of myocardial T1 and T2 mapping in healthy Chinese adults: a multicenter 3T cardiovascular magnetic resonance study

Background: Although reference ranges of T1 and T2 mapping are well established for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) at 1.5T, data for 3T are still lacking. The objective of this study is to establish reference ranges of myocardial T1 and T2 based on a large multicenter cohort of healthy Chinese adults at 3T CMR.Methods: A total of 1015 healthy Chinese adults (515 men, age range: 19-87 years) from 11 medical centers who underwent CMR using 3T Siemens scanners were prospectively enrolled. T1 mapping was performed with a motion-corrected modified Look-Locker inversion recovery sequence using a 5(3)3 scheme. T2 mapping images were acquired using T2-prepared fast low-angle shot sequence. T1 and T2 relaxation times were quantified for each slice and each myocardial segment. The T1 mapping and extracellular volume standardization (T1MES) phantom was used for quality assurance at each center prior to subject scanning.Results: The phantom analysis showed strong consistency of spin echo, T1 mapping, and T2 mapping among centers. In the entire cohort, global T1 and T2 reference values were 1193 +/- 34 ms and 36 +/- 2.5 ms. Global T1 and T2 values were higher in females than in males (T1: 1211 +/- 29 ms vs. 1176 +/- 30 ms, p < 0.001; T2: 37 +/- 2.3 ms vs. 35 +/- 2.5 ms, p < 0.001). There were statistical differences in global T2 across age groups (p < 0.001), but not in global T1. Linear regression showed no correlation between age and global T1 or T2 values. In males, positive correlation was found between heart rate and global T1 (r = 0.479, p < 0.001).Conclusions: Using phantom-validated imaging sequences, we provide reference ranges for myocardial T1 and T2 values on 3T scanners in healthy Chinese adults, which can be applied across participating sites. Trial registration URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx . Unique identifier: ChiCTR1900025518. Registration name: 3T magnetic resonance myocardial quantitative imaging standardization and reference value study: a multi-center clinical study.