Urinary Nephrin Levels Among Pregnant Women With Preeclampsia in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The clinical utility of urinary nephrin as a diagnostic biomarker of preeclampsia is currently of research interest. However, this is yet to gain significant traction within clinical settings.Objectives: We evaluated the association between maternal urinary nephrin levels and the occurrence and severity of preeclampsia among pregnant women in Lagos, Nigeria.Design: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study involving pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia as well as their age-and gestational-age-matched normotensive counterparts. We tested the association between high maternal urinary nephrin levels and the occurrence of preeclampsia without and with severe features. P < 0.05 was reported as statistically significant.Results: The study showed that for every unit increase in urinary nephrin levels, the odds of preeclampsia increased by about ninefold (adjusted Odds ratio = 8.9, 95% confidence interval: 2.8-29.2, P < 0.001). The levels of urinary nephrin increased steadily with increasing severity of the disease: 1.9 +/- 0.8 ng/mL in preeclampsia without severe features, 2.7 +/- 0.7 ng/mL in preeclampsia with at least one severe feature, and 3.3 +/- 1.1 ng/mL in eclampsia. Conclusion: There was an association between elevated levels of urinary nephrin and preeclampsia and its severe variant. However, there is a need for more robust studies with a longitudinal characterization of urinary nephrin levels to establish causal relationships with preeclampsia, explore other potential risk factors of preeclampsia, and define the clinical usefulness of urinary nephrin as a potentially reliable and accurate predictive marker of preeclampsia among women in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) settings.