Resolving soft X-ray photons with a high-rate hybrid pixel detector

被引：2

作者：

Hinger, Viktoria ^{[1
]}

Barten, Rebecca ^{[1
]}

Baruffaldi, Filippo ^{[1
]}

Bergamaschi, Anna ^{[1
]}

Borghi, Giacomo ^{[2
]}

Boscardin, Maurizio ^{[2
]}

Bruckner, Martin ^{[1
]}

Carulla, Maria ^{[1
]}

Vignali, Matteo Centis ^{[2
]}

Dinapoli, Roberto ^{[1
]}

Ebner, Simon ^{[1
]}

Ficorella, Francesco ^{[2
]}

Frojdh, Erik ^{[1
]}

Greiffenberg, Dominic ^{[1
]}

Hammad Ali, Omar ^{[2
]}

Hasanaj, Shqipe ^{[1
]}

Heymes, Julian ^{[1
]}

King, Thomas ^{[1
]}

Kozlowski, Pawel ^{[1
]}

Lopez-Cuenca, Carlos ^{[1
]}

Mezza, Davide ^{[1
]}

Mozzanica, Aldo ^{[1
]}

Moustakas, Konstantinos ^{[1
]}

Paternoster, Giovanni ^{[2
]}

Paton, Kirsty A. ^{[1
]}

Ronchin, Sabina ^{[2
]}

Ruder, Christian ^{[1
]}

Schmitt, Bernd ^{[1
]}

Sieberer, Patrick ^{[1
]}

Thattil, Dhanya ^{[1
]}

Xie, Xiangyu ^{[1
]}

Zhang, Jiaguo ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland

[2] Fdn Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy

来源：

FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS | 2024年 / 12卷

基金：

欧盟地平线“2020”;

关键词：

hybrid detector; instrumentation for FEL; synchrotron radiation; LGAD; X-ray detector; low noise detector;

D O I：

10.3389/fphy.2024.1352134

中图分类号：

O4 [物理学];

学科分类号：

0702 ;

摘要：

Due to their high frame rates and dynamic range, large area coverage, and high signal-to-noise ratio, hybrid silicon pixel detectors are an established standard for photon science applications at X-ray energies between 2 keV and 20 keV. These properties also make hybrid detectors interesting for experiments with soft X-rays between 200 eV and 2 keV. In this energy range, however, standard hybrid detectors are limited by the quantum efficiency of the sensor and the noise of the readout electronics. These limitations can be overcome by utilizing inverse Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (iLGAD) sensors with an optimized X-ray entrance window. We have developed and characterized a prototype soft X-ray iLGAD sensor bonded to the charge integrating 75 mu m pixel JUNGFRAU chip. Cooled to -22 degrees C, the system multiplication factor of the signal generated by an impinging photon is >= 11. With this gain, the effective equivalent noise charge of the system is <= 5.5 electrons root-mean-square at a 5 mu s integration time. We show that by cooling the system below -50 degrees C, single photon resolution at 200 eV becomes feasible with a signal-to-noise ratio better than 5.

引用

页数：10

共 34 条

[1] Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering studies of elementary excitations [J].

Ament, Luuk J. P. ;

van Veenendaal, Michel ;

Devereaux, Thomas P. ;

Hill, John P. ;

van den Brink, Jeroen .

REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS, 2011, 83 (02) :705-767

[2] Development of low-energy X-ray detectors using LGAD sensors [J].

Andra, Marie ;

Zhang, Jiaguo ;

Bergamaschi, Anna ;

Barten, Rebecca ;

Borca, Camelia ;

Borghi, Giacomo ;

Boscardin, Maurizio ;

Busca, Paolo ;

Bruckner, Martin ;

Cartiglia, Nicolo ;

Chiriotti, Sabina ;

Dalla Betta, Gian-Franco ;

Dinapoli, Roberto ;

Fajardo, Pablo ;

Ferrero, Marco ;

Ficorella, Francesco ;

Frojdh, Erik ;

Greiffenberg, Dominic ;

Huthwelker, Thomas ;

Lopez-Cuenca, Carlos ;

Meyer, Markus ;

Mezza, Davide ;

Mozzanica, Aldo ;

Pancheri, Lucio ;

Paternoster, Giovanni ;

Redford, Sophie ;

Ruat, Marie ;

Ruder, Christian ;

Schmitt, Bernd ;

Shi, Xintian ;

Sola, Valentina ;

Thattil, Dhanya ;

Tinti, Gemma ;

Vetter, Seraphin .

JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION, 2019, 26 :1226-1237

[3] A low noise CMOS camera system for 2D resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering [J].

Andresen, Nord ;

Bakalis, Christos ;

Denes, Peter ;

Goldschmidt, Azriel ;

Johnson, Ian ;

Joseph, John M. ;

Karcher, Armin ;

Krieger, Amanda ;

Tindall, Craig .

FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS, 2023, 11

[4] Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering Study of Electron-Exciton Coupling in High-Tc Cuprates [J].

Barantani, F. ;

Tran, M. K. ;

Madan, I. ;

Kapon, I. ;

Bachar, N. ;

Asmara, T. C. ;

Paris, E. ;

Tseng, Y. ;

Zhang, W. ;

Hu, Y. ;

Giannini, E. ;

Gu, G. ;

Devereaux, T. P. ;

Berthod, C. ;

Carbone, F. ;

Schmitt, T. ;

van der Marel, D. .

PHYSICAL REVIEW X, 2022, 12 (02)

[5] X-ray detectors at the Linac Coherent Light Source [J].

Blaj, Gabriel ;

Caragiulo, Pietro ;

Carini, Gabriella ;

Carron, Sebastian ;

Dragone, Angelo ;

Freytag, Dietrich ;

Haller, Gunther ;

Hart, Philip ;

Hasi, Jasmine ;

Herbst, Ryan ;

Herrmann, Sven ;

Kenney, Chris ;

Markovic, Bojan ;

Nishimura, Kurtis ;

Osier, Shawn ;

Pines, Jack ;

Reese, Benjamin ;

Segal, Julie ;

Tomada, Astrid ;

Weaver, Matt .

JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION, 2015, 22 :577-583

[6] Micron resolution of MONCH and GOTTHARD, small pitch charge integrating detectors with single photon sensitivity [J].

Cartier, S. ;

Bergamaschi, A. ;

Dinapoli, R. ;

Greiffenberg, D. ;

Johnson, I. ;

Jungmann, J. H. ;

Mezza, D. ;

Mozzanica, A. ;

Schmitt, B. ;

Shi, X. ;

Stampanoni, M. ;

Sun, J. ;

Tinti, G. .

JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION, 2014, 9

[7] Micrometer-resolution imaging using MoNCH: towards G2-less grating interferometry [J].

Cartier, Sebastian ;

Kagias, Matias ;

Bergamaschi, Anna ;

Wang, Zhentian ;

Dinapoli, Roberto ;

Mozzanica, Aldo ;

Ramilli, Marco ;

Schmitt, Bernd ;

Bruckner, Martin ;

Frojdh, Erik ;

Greiffenberg, Dominic ;

Mayilyan, Davit ;

Mezza, Davide ;

Redford, Sophie ;

Ruder, Christian ;

Schadler, Lukas ;

Shi, Xintian ;

Thattil, Dhanya ;

Tinti, Gemma ;

Zhang, Jiaguo ;

Stampanoni, Marco .

JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION, 2016, 23 :1462-1473

[8] Study of the internal quantum efficiency of FBK sensors with optimized entrance windows [J].

Carulla, M. ;

Vignali, M. Centis ;

Barten, R. ;

Baruffaldi, F. ;

Bergamaschi, A. ;

Borghi, G. ;

Boscardin, M. ;

Bruckner, M. ;

Dinapoli, R. ;

Ebner, S. ;

Ficorella, F. ;

Frojd, E. ;

Greiffenberg, D. ;

Ali, O. Hammad ;

Hasanaj, S. ;

Heymes, J. ;

Hinger, V. ;

King, T. ;

Kozlowski, P. ;

Cuenca, C. Lopez ;

Mezza, D. ;

Moustakas, K. ;

Mozzanica, A. ;

Paternoster, G. ;

Ronchin, S. ;

Ruder, C. ;

Schmitt, B. ;

Thattila, D. ;

Zhang, J. .

JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION, 2023, 18 (01)

[9] Qualification of the X-ray spectral performance of the DEPFET pixels of the DSSC imager [J].

Castoldi, A. ;

Ghisetti, M. ;

Guazzoni, C. ;

Aschauer, S. ;

Strueder, L. ;

Hansen, K. ;

Maffessanti, S. ;

Danilevski, C. ;

Lomidze, D. ;

Turcato, M. ;

Porro, M. .

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT, 2023, 1057

[10] High-spatial resolution measurements with a GaAs:Cr sensor using the charge integrating MONCH detector with a pixel pitch of 25μm [J].

Chiriotti, S. ;

Barten, R. ;

Bergamaschi, A. ;

Bruckner, M. ;

Carulla, M. ;

Chsherbakov, I ;

Dinapoli, R. ;

Frojdh, E. ;

Greiffenberg, D. ;

Hasanaj, S. ;

Hinger, V ;

King, T. ;

Kozlowski, P. ;

Lopez-Cuenca, C. ;

Lozinskaya, A. ;

Marone, F. ;

Mezza, D. ;

Moustakas, K. ;

Mozzanica, A. ;

Ruder, C. ;

Schmitt, B. ;

Thattil, D. ;

Tolbanov, O. ;

Tyazhev, A. ;

Zarubin, A. ;

Zhang, J. .

JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION, 2022, 17 (04)

← 1 2 3 4 →