A High-Energy Asymmetric Supercapacitor Based on Tomato-Leaf-Derived Hierarchical Porous Activated Carbon and Electrochemically Deposited Polyaniline Electrodes for Battery-Free Heart-Pulse-Rate Monitoring

A simple and scalable method to fabricate a novel high-energy asymmetric supercapacitor using tomato-leaf-derived hierarchical porous activated carbon (TAC) and electrochemically deposited polyaniline (PANI) for a battery-free heart-pulse-rate monitor is reported. In this study, TAC is prepared by simple pyrolysis, exhibiting nanosheet-type morphology and a high specific surface area of approximate to 1440 m(2) g(-1), and PANI is electrochemically deposited onto carbon cloth. The TAC- and PANI- based asymmetric supercapacitor demonstrates an electrochemical performance superior to that of symmetric supercapacitors, delivering a high specific capacitance of 248 mF cm(-2) at a current density of 1.0 mA cm(-2). The developed asymmetric supercapacitor shows a high energy density of 270 mu Wh cm(-2) at a power density of 1400 mu W cm(-2), as well as an excellent cyclic stability of approximate to 95% capacitance retention after 10 000 charging-discharging cycles while maintaining approximate to 98% Coulombic efficiency. Impressively, the series-connected asymmetric supercapacitors can operate a battery-free heart-pulse-rate monitor extremely efficiently upon solar-panel charging under regular laboratory illumination.