Double-layer home energy management strategy for increasing PV self-consumption and cost reduction through appliances scheduling, EV, and storage

Maximizing self-consumption of the photovoltaic (PV) generation is an important factor to increase the penetration of PV in the residential grid. It can improve PV system profitability, save energy and reduce grid stress. This study proposes a double-layer home energy management strategy to increase PV self-consumption and reduce household electricity costs. The first layer involves rescheduling shiftable appliances to operate during surplus PV generation hours, while the second layer employs a multi-objective energy management strategy based on Jaya and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms to optimize power exchange between the energy storage system (ESS) and electric vehicle (EV), with smart home. Six different scenarios are simulated to investigate the role of household appliances, ESS, and EV technology in increasing PV self-consumption. Results scheduling showed that the proposed strategy can increase self-consumption and reduce grid consumption by 17-41% and 27-78%, respectively, depending on the proposed scenarios. The double-layer strategy is found to be more effective than the single-layer approach, with significant economic benefits. The proposed method provides an efficient solution for improving PV system profitability, saving energy, and reducing grid stress. Thus, this study contributes to the development of sustainable energy management systems, paving the way for future research in this area.