Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Bloodstream Infection with Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognostic risk factors of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) bloodstream infections in patients with hematologic malignancies. Methods: Medical records and drug susceptibility data of patients with hematologic malignancies complicated by CRPA bloodstream infections admitted to the Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022, were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 64 patients were included in the study, with a mortality rate of 37.5% (24/64) at 28 days after the occurrence of CRPA bloodstream infection. In Cox regression analysis, an absolute neutrophil count <0.5x109/L at discharge (HR 0.039, 95% CI 0.006 similar to 0.258, p=0.001), admission to the intensive care unit (HR 7.546, 95% CI 1.345 similar to 42.338, p= 0.022), and a higher Pitt bacteremia score (HR 0.207, 95% CI 0.046 similar to 0.939, p = 0.041) were independent risk factors associated with 28-day mortality. Survival analysis showed that patients receiving ceftazidime-avibactam-based (HR 0.368, 95% CI 0.107 similar to 1.268, p = 0.023) or polymyxin B (HR 2.561, 95% CI 0.721 similar to 9.101, p = 0.015) therapy had a higher survival rate. Conclusion: Patients with hematologic neoplasms had high mortality from CRPA bloodstream infections, and admission to the intensive care unit, higher Pitt bacteremia score (PBS) scores, granulocyte deficiency, and granulocyte deficiency at discharge were independently associated with higher mortality. Early anti-infective treatment with ceftazidime-avibactam or polymyxin B may improve the clinical prognosis of patients.