Piezoelectric micropump with integrated elastomeric check valves: design, performance characterization and primary application for 3D cell culture

This paper reports on the study of a piezoelectric actuated micropump with integrated elastomeric check valves that can transport small amounts of fluid in a highly controllable manner. The proposed micropump consists of a piezoelectric actuated fluid chamber with two integrated elastomeric check valves for regulating input and output flow direction, while restricting backflows. The actuation, fluid dynamic response and fluid-structure interactions at various working cycles are studied through a fully coupled multiphysics simulation (solid mechanics, electrostatic and fluid flow). The pump bodies are manufactured by micromachining of PMMA sheets, while the middle elastomeric membrane and diaphragm are fabricated by spin-coating PDMS. The experimental results confirm that the micropump can provide sufficiently low-velocity outflow for biomedical applications between 3.4 - 41.8 mu l/min. The performance of the micropump is improved significantly through a convenient geometric modification of an off-the-shelf piezoelectric brass disc. Furthermore, the combination of this micropump with the 3D cell-culture microfluidic chip realizes the dynamic culture of cells encapsulated in 3D hydrogels with a continuous flowing medium, which offers the potential for changing the traditional mode of 3D cell culture with a static supply of nutrition and factors.