Resource partitioning in a novel herbivore assemblage in South America

被引:7
作者
Mata, Julia C. [1 ,2 ]
Davison, Charles W. [1 ,2 ]
Froslev, Tobias Guldberg [3 ]
Buitenwerf, Robert [1 ,2 ]
Svenning, Jens-Christian [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Aarhus Univ, Ctr Biodivers Dynam Changing World BIOCHANGE, Dept Biol, Aarhus, Denmark
[2] Aarhus Univ, Ctr Ecol Dynam Novel Biosphere ECONOVO, Dept Biol, Aarhus, Denmark
[3] Univ Copenhagen, GLOBE Inst, Sect Geogenet, Copenhagen, Denmark
关键词
diet overlap; DNA metabarcoding; exotic species; herbivore ecology; novel ecosystems; resource partitioning; rewilding; species coexistence; DEER OZOTOCEROS-BEZOARTICUS; VIZCACHA LAGOSTOMUS-MAXIMUS; PIGS SUS-SCROFA; PLAINS VIZCACHA; DIET; CAPYBARA; CATTLE; EXTRAPOLATION; CHINCHILLIDAE; RAREFACTION;
D O I
10.1111/1365-2656.14069
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
Human-induced species declines and extinctions have led to the downsizing of large-herbivore assemblages, with implications for many ecosystem processes. Active reintroduction of extirpated large herbivores or their functional equivalents may help to reverse this trend and restore diverse ecosystems and their processes. However, it is unclear whether resource competition between native and non-native herbivores could threaten restoration initiatives, or to what extent (re)introduced species may influence local vegetation dynamics. To answer these questions, we investigated the diets of a novel South American herbivore assemblage that includes resident native species, reintroduced native species and introduced non-native species. We examined plant composition, diet breadth and the overlap between species to describe the local herbivory profile and the potential for resource competition. Using DNA metabarcoding on faecal samples (n = 465), we analysed the diets of the herbivore assemblage in the Rincon del Socorro rewilding area of Ibera National Park, Argentina. We compared the species richness of faecal samples, the occurrence of plant families/growth forms and the compositional similarity of samples (inter- and intraspecifically). Our results indicate species-level taxonomic partitioning of plant resources by herbivores in this system. Differences in sample richness, composition and diet breadth reflected a diverse range of herbivory strategies, from grazers (capybara) to mixed feeders/browsers (brocket deer, lowland tapir). Differences in diet compositional similarity (Jaccard) revealed strong taxonomic resource partitioning. The two herbivores with the most similar diets (Pampas deer and brocket deer) still differed by more than 80%. Furthermore, all but one species (axis deer) had more similar diet composition intraspecifically than compared to the others. Overall, we found little evidence for resource competition between herbivore species. Instead, recently reintroduced native species and historically introduced non-natives are likely expanding the range of herbivory dynamics in the ecosystem. Further research will be needed to determine the full ecological impacts of these (re)introduced herbivores. In conclusion, we show clear differences in diet breadth and composition among native, reintroduced and non-native herbivore species that may be key to promoting resource partitioning, species coexistence and the restoration of ecological function. La disminucion y extincion de especies ocasionada por el hombre ha llevado a la reduccion de tamano de las comunidades de grandes herbivoros, con implicaciones para muchos procesos ecosistemicos. La reintroduccion activa de grandes herbivoros extirpados, o sus equivalentes funcionales, puede ayudar a revertir esta tendencia y restaurar diversos ecosistemas y sus procesos. Sin embargo, no esta claro si la competencia por recursos entre herbivoros nativos y no nativos podria amenazar las iniciativas de restauracion, o en que medida las especies (re)introducidas pueden influir la dinamica de la vegetacion local. Para responder a estas preguntas, investigamos las dietas de una comunidad de herbivoros sudamericanos que incluye especies nativas, especies nativas reintroducidas y especies no nativas introducidas. Examinamos la composicion de plantas, la amplitud de la dieta y la superposicion entre especies para describir el perfil herbivoro local y el potencial de competencia por los recursos. Utilizando metabarcoding de ADN en muestras fecales (n = 465), analizamos las dietas de la comunidad de herbivoros en el sitio de rewilding Rincon del Socorro dentro del Parque Nacional Ibera, Argentina. Comparamos la riqueza de especies en las muestras fecales, la ocurrencia de familias de plantas/formas de crecimiento y la similitud en la composicion de las muestras (interespecificamente e intraespecificamente). Nuestros resultados indican la particion taxonomica a nivel de especie de los recursos vegetales por parte de los herbivoros en este sistema. Las diferencias en la riqueza de las muestras, la composicion y la amplitud de las dietas reflejaron una amplia gama de estrategias de herbivoria, desde pastoreadores (capibara) hasta herbivoros mixtos/ramoneadores (corzuela, tapir amazonico). Las diferencias en la similitud de la composicion de la dieta (Jaccard) revelaron una fuerte particion taxonomica de los recursos. Los dos herbivoros con las dietas mas similares (venado de las pampas y corzuela), aun asi diferian en mas del 80%. Ademas, todas las especies menos una (ciervo axis) tenian una composicion dietetica mas similar intraespecificamente que en comparacion con las demas. En general, encontramos poca evidencia de competencia por recursos entre las especies de herbivoros. En cambio, las especies nativas reintroducidas recientemente y las no nativas introducidas historicamente probablemente esten ampliando el rango de dinamica de herbivoria en el ecosistema. Se necesitaran mas investigaciones para determinar todos los impactos ecologicos de estos herbivoros (re)introducidos. En conclusion, mostramos diferencias claras en la amplitud y composicion de la dieta entre especies de herbivoros nativas, reintroducidas y no nativas que pueden ser clave para promover la particion de recursos, la coexistencia de especies y la restauracion de las funciones ecologicas. DNA metabarcoding was used to reveal differences in herbivory strategy among large herbivores at an Argentinian rewilding site. Based on diet composition, we find little evidence for resource competition between species. Instead, recently reintroduced native species and historically introduced non-natives are likely expanding the range of herbivory dynamics in the ecosystem.image
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页码:606 / 618
页数:13
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