Screening for Gastric Sensory Motor Abnormalities in Pediatric Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

Objective: To determine the frequency of gastric sensory motor symptoms in youth with type 1 diabetes. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate symptoms of delayed gastric emptying in participants with type 1 diabetes, aged 12 to 25 years, using the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) questionnaire. In addition, a 5-year (January 2015 to December 2019), a retrospective study was completed on all gastric emptying scans performed in youth at our institution. Results: A total of 359 participants (mean age, 17.7 +/- 3.33 years) with type 1 diabetes completed the GCSI questionnaire. Compared with nonresponders, responders were more likely to be non-Hispanic White (90% vs 86%; P =.003) and female patients (58% vs 44%; P <.0001), with a lower HbA1c (8.1 +/- 1.8 vs 9.0 +/- 2.1; P <.0001). At least 1 gastrointestinal symptom was reported in 270 (75%) of responders, of which nausea was the most common (71%). A GCSI score of >= 1.9 suggestive of more severe gastrointestinal symptoms was reported in 17% of responders. Participants with scores >= 1.9 were older (19.1 +/- 3.0 vs 17.8 +/- 3.3 years; P =.01). In the retrospective study, 778 underwent gastric emptying scan, 29 participants had type 1 diabetes and 11 (38%) showed delayed gastric emptying. Conclusion: Gastrointestinal symptoms related to gastric sensory motor abnormalities are seen in youth and young adults with type 1 diabetes. In particular, for those with higher GCSI scores, earlier recognition and referral may be warranted.