Revisiting lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate piezoceramics for low-frequency mechanical vibration-based energy harvesting

Here we report the structural, electrical, mechanical, and electromechanical characterization of pyrochlore-free (1 - x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3O3)-xPbTiO(3) at x = 0.3 (PMN-0.3PT), from the perspective of low-frequency mechanical energy harvesting. Pyrochlore-free PMN-0.3PT ceramics, synthesized using the solid-state reaction method, demonstrated co-existing monoclinic (Cm and Pm) phases. Piezoelectric charge coefficient (d(33)), dielectric permittivity (kappa(T)(33)), elastic compliance (S-33(E)), and electromechanical coupling factor (k(33)), were estimated to be 200 +/- 21 pC/N, 1.06 (+/- 0.06) x 10(-8) F/m, 13.16 (+/- 0.2) x 10(-12) m(2)/N, and 0.54 +/- 0.04, respectively, using room temperature impedance measurement. Mechanical flexibility (f(FOM)) of PMN-0.3PT was estimated to be 7 x 10(-4). Energy harvesting under dynamic mechanical loading showed dependence on the amplitude and frequency of the applied load. A maximum short-circuit current density, similar to 392 nA/cm(2), and an open-circuit electric field, similar to 17 V/cm were achieved at a dynamic load of amplitude 50 N at frequency 5 Hz. (c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.