Recent developments of Red/NIR carbon dots in biosensing, bioimaging, and tumor theranostics

被引：72
作者：
Hussain, Muhammad Muzammal [1 ,2 ]
Khan, Waheed Ullah [1 ]
Ahmed, Farid [1 ]
Wei, Yen [3 ]
Xiong, Hai [1 ]
机构：
[1] Shenzhen Univ, Inst Adv Study, Shenzhen 518060, Peoples R China
[2] Shenzhen Univ, Coll Phys & Optoelect Engn, Shenzhen 518060, Peoples R China
[3] Tsinghua Univ, Key Lab Bioorgan Phosphorus Chem & Chem Biol, Minist Educ, Dept Chem, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
来源：
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL | 2023年 / 465卷
关键词：
Carbon dots; Synthesis; Near-infrared; Fluorescent; Drug delivery; Biosensing; Bioimaging; Tumor theranostics; GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; FACILE SYNTHESIS; ONE-STEP; TUNABLE-PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SENSITIVE DETECTION; NEGATIVE CHARGES; BREAST-CANCER; POLYMER DOTS; RED EMISSION;
D O I：
10.1016/j.cej.2023.143010
中图分类号：
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号：
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要：
Carbon dots (CDs) that exhibit near-infrared (NIR) emission are emerging nanomaterials with potential for advanced biomedical applications due to their low toxicity, superior photostability and targeting ability compared to currently used photoluminescence (PL) agents. While yellow and green CDs offer advantages such as excellent photostability, water solubility, and biocompatibility, R/NIR-CDs provide additional benefits including minimal autofluorescence, reduced photodamage, and deep tissue penetration. As a result, R/NIR-CDs are particularly intriguing for their biomedical applications in early tumor diagnostics and treatments both in vitro and in vivo. This review article highlights recent progress in the development of vital strategies, PL mechanisms, potential biomedical applications, and future directions for overcoming key limitations of R/NIR-CDs. The influence of physicochemical parameters on the formation mechanism toward longer wavelengths is comprehensively discussed. Moreover, multicolor CDs with various fluorescence properties are categorized based on their size or other factors. We hope that the perspectives presented in this review will facilitate the ad -vancements in developing new and improved R/NIR-CDs better suited for the respective applications.
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页数：26
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