Concentration of total proteins in urine as a non-invasive biomarker of endometriosis

Objective: The disease in which we observe the invasion and growth of endometrial cells on extrauterine tissues and organs with the creation of a chronic inflammatory state is called endometriosis. It causes infertility and is present in more than 30% of patients with endometriosis. Diagnosis and treatment of the disease is most often delayed for about 8 years after the first symptoms were reported. The symptomatology of endometriosis is varied, and there is no non-invasive way of diagnosis, and this is the reason for the delayed start of treatment. The development of endometriosis activates pathological processes such as the invasion and proliferation of endometriotic cells, the formation of adhesions and the activation of the immune system, which result in increased protein expression. The aim of this research is to compare the concentrations of total proteins in the urine of subjects with endometriosis with those of the control group and possibly identify a biomarker for the diagnosis of endometriosis.Methods: Prospective urine analysis of 141 patients who were hospitalized and surgically treated at the Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics of KBC Rijeka from 08/21/2021 until 07/30/2022. The urine of subjects with endometriosis (N=84) and without endometriosis (n=57) was analyzed.Results: Total protein in the urine is increased in the urine of subjects with endometriosis, but the total amount of protein does not correlate with the degree of disease progression.Conclusions: An increase in the level of total proteins in urine in subjects with endometriosis is a possible noninvasive diagnostic biomarker. Patients with endometriosis are grouped after the concentration of total proteins greater than 5000 mu g/mu l.